Electric-discharge gun

Pioneering experiments in the 1960s demonstrated the possibility of accelerating thin foils to velocities up to several kilometers per second by the blast from an electrically exploded thin metallic foil [26-28]. The principle of such a tool — an electrical discharge gun that has been developed at the Laboratoire de Combustion et de Detonique in Poitiers (France)—is shown in Fig. 1.4. The sudden discharge of a low-inductance RLC circuit into a well-designed foil of thin aluminum, acting as a luse in the circuit, turns this fuse into a plasma. The... 

Figure 1.5. Axial stress history at various depths (every 50 pm) within a calcite sample shocked with the electric discharge gun. The shock wave is induced by the unpact of a 50 pm Mylar plus a 50 pm Al foil onto the bulk calcite target.

This study confirms our previous result [8] that even ultrashort shock experiments with laser and electric discharge guns are well suited to reproduce shock defects known to occur in naturally shocked minerals. For example, dislocation glide and twinning activated in the experimentally shocked specimens have also been detected in weakly shocked limestones from the Ries crater [50]. 

Scaling of this laser to higher powers has now been achieved, and additional laser lines have been detected at 391.4 nm and 470.9 nm, arising from the (0,0) and (0,2) vibrational components 432 The experiments of Collins and co-workers utilized a fast-pulsed electron beam gun that injects the beam into a mixture of helium and nitrogen at a pressure of several atmospheres. A similar nitrogen ion laser in which ionization is produced by an electric discharge has also been reported.3 ... 

Tungsten-base materials are used for cathodes in power grit tubes, radio valves. X-ray tubes, as electrode material for gas-discharge lamps, electric arc welding, electron guns, electron microscopes, and plasma generators. The electron emission characteristic is also an important property for their use as electrical contact materials. Finally, tungsten is a... 

Compound films such as oxide, nitride and carbide can be produced by reactive sputtering as mentioned above. Electrically non-conducting substances are processed by rf sputtering. Whether the noble gas ions required for sputtering originate from a gas discharge plasma in the plant, from special ion guns or from other set-ups does not have any influence on the choice of material. 

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