Elastomers coupling agents

As mentioned earlier, the contact-mechanics-based experimental studies of interfacial adhesion primarily include (1) direct measurements of surface and interfacial energies of polymers and self-assembled monolayers (2) quantitative studies on the role of interfacial coupling agents in the adhesion of elastomers (3) adhesion of microparticles on surfaces and (4) adhesion of viscoelastic polymer particles. In these studies, a variety of experimental tools have been employed by different researchers. Each one of these tools offers certain advantages over the others. These experimental studies are reviewed in Section 4. 

Studies on adhesion of elastomers role of interfacial chains and coupling agents... 

Wang S, Huang Y, Cong G (1997) Study on nitrile-butadiene rubber/poly(propylene carbonate) elastomer as coupling agent of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends I. Effect on mechanical properties of blends. J Appl Polym Sci 63 1107-1 111... 

Keywords aggregation, interfacial interaction, reversible work of adhesion, wettability, matrix-filler interaction, surface treatment, interphase, surfactant, coupling agent, elastomer interlayer... 

The filler-elastomer chemical interactions take place through its surface functional groups and hydrogen atoms. Coupling agents improve polymer-filler adhesion. From the point of view of dynamic-mechanical properties for low strains, the filler-elastomer bonds have a positive effect in the reinforcement process. 

The living character of organolithium polymerizations makes such processes ideally suited for the preparation of pure as well as tapered-block copolymers. Diene-olefin pure-block copolymers have become important commodities because of their unique structure-property relationships. When such copolymers have an ABA or (AB) X [A = polyolefin, e.g., polystyrene or poly(a-methylstyrene) B = polydiene, e.g., polybutadiene or polyisoprene and X = coupling-agent residue] arrangement of the blocks, the copolymers have found use as thermoplastic elastomers (i.e., elastomers that can be processed as thermoplastics). 

Sanderson [2] prepared the energetic thermoplastic elastomer poly(3,3-bis (azidomethyl)-oxetane), (II), for use as a binder for a propellant, explosive, or gas generant for a supplemental restraint system in automobiles. Random block copolymers of poly(azidomethyloxirane) and poly(3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxe-tane), (III), were also prepared by Sanderson [3] using toluene diisocyanate as the coupling agent. 

K. Oksman and C. Clemons. Effect of elastomers and coupling agent on impact performance of wood flour-filled polypropylene. In Fourth International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites, Madison, WI, May 12-14, 1997, pp. 144-155. 

Fomrez . [Witco/Organics] Foam crosslinkers, i ecursors for reactive diluents, chain extenders in urethane synthesis, coupling agent catalyst flexible cellular PU foam for textile and industrial applies., dispersing agents, coatings, aefeesives, elastomers. 

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