Elastin biosynthesis

Jensen, S. A., Vrhovski, B., and Weiss, A. S. (2000). Domain 26 of tropoelastin plays a dominant role in association by coacervation./. Biol. Chem. 275, 28449-28454. Kagan, H. M., and Sullivan, K. A. (1982). Lysyl oxidase Preparation and role in elastin biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol. 82, 637-650. 

Before describing the major steps in elastin biosynthesis, a general consideration of the function of elastin is pertinent. 

Kagan HM, Sullivan KA (1982) Lysyl oxidase preparation and role in elastin biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol 82 Pt A 637-650... 

Scott-Burden, T., Davies, P. J., and Gevers, W., 1979, Elastin biosynthesis by smooth muscle cell cultured under scorbutic conditions, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 91 739-746. 

Figure 3 Biosynthesis and purification of 90-kD elastin analogue analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (10-15% gradient, visualized by silver staining). Lanes 1-7 time course of target protein expression at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after induction. Lane 9 soluble lysate of induced E. coli expression strain BLR(DE3)pRAMl. Lanes 10-13 protein fractions obtained from immobilized metal affinity chromatography of the lysate on nickel-NTA agarose (imidazole gradient elution). Lanes 8,14 protein molecular weight standards of 50, 75, 100, and 150 kD.

Panitch, A., Yamaoka, T., Fournier, M. J., Mason, T. L., and Tirrell, D. A. (1999). Design and biosynthesis of elastin-like artificial extracellular matrix proteins containing periodically spaced fibronectin CS5 domains. Macromolecules 32, 1701-1703. 

It comes as no great surprise that trace elements may affect the growth and development of bone. Trace element deficiences profoundly alter hone metabolism in animals either directly or indirectly (3). The absence of a trace element in the diet can lead to inefficient functioning of a specific enzyme or enzymes that require the transition element as a cofactor. An example of this is the role of Cu and iron (Fe) in the cross-linking of collagen and elastins (4-9). The participation of Mn in the biosynthesis of mucopolysaccharides (10-12) is another example. Zn deficiency causes a reduction in osteoblastic activity, collagen and chondroitin sulfate synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity (13-16). 

Barnes, M. J., Constable, B. J., Morton, L. F., and Kodicek, E. (1970). Studies in vivo on the biosynthesis of collagen and elastin in ascorbic acid-deficient guinea pigs. Biochan. j. 119, 575-585-... 

Figure 5. Possible routes of biosynthesis of cross-links in elastin. See Figure 4 and Table 11 for definition of symbols used (59).

Elastin, collagen formation Tyrosinase oxidation, skin pigment (melanin) formation Epinephrine biosynthesis... 

Biosynthesis catabolism Lys is formed in plants and bacteria from meso-2,6- diaminopimelic acid by diaminopimelate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.20). The catabolism proceeds through eleven enzymatic steps to acetoacetic acid (acetyl-CoA). L. is a precursor of the cadaverines. Because of its two amino groups it has a cross-linking function in polypeptides such as collagen and elastin, see also 5-hydroxylysine. L. is used as a fodder additive. 

Haider, M., Leung, V., Ferrari, F. et al. (2005) Molecular engineering of silk-elastin-like polymers for matrix-mediated gene delivery Biosynthesis and characterization. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2, 139-150. 

L.B. Sandberg, N.T. Soskel, and J.G. Leslie, Elastin structure, biosynthesis, and relation to disease states. N Engl J Med 304,566-579,1981. 

Sandberg LB, Soskel NT, Leslie JG. Elastin structure, biosynthesis and relation to disease state. N Engl J Med 1981 304 556-579. 

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