EFISH method generation

Both theoretical analysis and dipole moment measurements indicated that sulfonyl-substituted compounds may have ft coefficients similar in magnitude to their nitro analogues. Therefore, we have measured p for several sulfonyl- and nitro-substituted compounds using electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation method (EFISH) (11,25). In this experiment, one measures an effective third-order nonlinearity rEFISH for a solution containing the compound of interest, given by... 

A detailed investigation of the NLO properties of molecules of series 2 and 3 has been performed in the powder state (12) as well as in solution by the electric-field-induced-second-harmonic (EFISH) generation method (13-15). It has allowed the analysis of the influence of the molecular parameters on the NLO features (12-15). 

TDDFT methods have also been applied successfully to the description of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of heteroleptic sandwich complexes. The optical spectrum and the hyperpolarizability of Zr(OEP)(OEPz,) for which large first hyperpolarizabilities, /JSHG (SHG=second-harmonic generation) were measured in an electric field induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH) experiment [182], have been investigated by TDDFT methods [134]. The excitation energies and oscillator strengths calculated... 

The first experimental method for determining 3 measurements of neutral dipolar molecules is the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH). This method consists of measuring the light intensity at a frequency twice the fundamental frequency to of the infrared nanosecond laser generated by a solution submitted to a static electric field E°. In the case where the static electric field is applied along the z-axis in the laboratory framework, and the polarization of the laser is also along the same axis, the... 

The first common method for molecular first hyperpolarizability determination is the electric field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique in solution [6-10]. This technique can be applied only to dipolar molecules. Under an applied external electric field, molecules in solution orient approximately in the direction of the field giving rise to second harmonic generation. The measured third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility is given by the following expression ... 

The influence of the substituent at tlie periphery of the macrocycle on the NLO properties was studied in solution. Thus, various subphthalocyanines bearing representative electron-donor or acceptor groups were synthesized and their NLO properties were measured employing HRS, EFISH and Third Harmonic Generation (THG) methods [62, 63]. 

Experimentally, mainly two techniques - the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) and hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS, also termed harmonic light scattering method) - are used in order to determine in solution the experimental value of the quadratic hyperpolarizability of molecular NLO chromophores. 

First, let us turn our attention to the issue of optimizing chromophore hyperpolarizability. An obviously important and necessary aspect of the process is the characterization of hyperpolarizabilities. The two most popular methods for characterizing chromophore second-order molecular optical nonlinearity are electric field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) [3,10,21-24] and hyper-... 

Bulk and molecular nonlinear optical properties have been measured by laser optical techniques such as second and third harmonic generation (SHG, THG), electric field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH), and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). Molecular NLO responses can also be calculated by quantum-mechanical (ab initio and semiempirical) methods, and suitable computing programs are being developed. 

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