Effects on Miscellaneous Targets

In conclusion, as an AChEI, HA possesses different pharmacological actions other than hydrolysis of synaptic ACh. HA has direct actions on targets other than AChE. These noncholinergic roles of HA could also be important in AD treatment. The therapeutic effects of HA are probably based on a multitarget mechanism. 

Scores of clinical studies with HA have been reported thus far. Favorable efficacy of HA was demonstrated in the treatment of more than 1000 patients suffering from age-related memory dysfunction or dementia in China. An early study conducted on 100 patients with probable AD oral HA (0.15-0.25 mg, t.i.d.) showed significant improvement in all rating scores evaluated by the Buschke Selective Reminding task. An inverted U-shaped dose response curve for memory improvement was 

The most frequently occurring side effects with HA were related 

In early study, 99% of 128 patients with myasthenia gravis showed controlled or improved clinical manifestations of the disease. The duration of action of HA lasted 7 6 h, and side effects were minimal compared with neostigmine.  

HA improved the condition of the patients from Week 6. In comparison with the baseline data, the HA group improved significantly the cognitive function, activity of daily hfe (ADL), noncognitive disorders, and overall clinical efficacy. Mild and transient adverse events (edema of bilateral ankles and insomnia) were observed in 3% of HA-treated patients. 

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