Effects of vitamin deficiencies

Strict vegetarian diet or after diseases affecting cobalamin absorption. The main effects of vitamin deficiency are pernicious anemia, macrocytosis, and neurological problems. A particularity of this vitamin is that it can be stored especially in the liver and kidneys. 

Poultry require 14 vitamins (Table 3.6), but not all have to be provided in the diet. Scott et al. (1982) have presented good descriptions of the effects of vitamin deficiencies in poultry. 

Effect of Vitamin Deficiencies on Amino Acid Uptake... 

Since many workers in this field have investigated the effects of more than one vitamin within a uniform experimental framework, it seems advisable to discuss the experimental work of each group separately rather than to attempt a subdivision on the basis of the individual vitamins. It is felt that a more coherent picture can be presented in this manner. Those recent researches ptuporting to show the absence of any effects of vitamin deficiency states upon antibody production will be discussed first. 

Investigators studying the effect of vitamin deficiency in animal models are faced with the technical difficulty of producing the deficiency syndrome in experimental animals. Rats, pigs and other laboratory animals do not develop clean-cut megaloblastic anemia when fed a vitamin Bj 2 deficient diet (Beck, 1975 Herbert and Das, 1976) even though levels of serum B 2 methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activities and tissue coenzyme levels may be reduced. This may explain why with the exception of an early report on depressed complement fixing antibodies in vitamin deficient rats (Wertman and Sarandria, 1952) studies of vitamin B 2 deprivation in rat models have not demonstrated any effect on immune function. 

Effects of Vitamin Deficiency.—(i.) Beri-beri.— This disease is... 

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