Effects of Plasticisers

Many other liquids have been found to be effective plasticisers for PVC but are of limited commercial value, at least in Britain. The effect of plasticisers on the properties of PVC is illustrated in Figure 12.20 (a-e). 

Figure 12.24. Effect of plasticiser (diaphanyl phthalate) on initial paste viscosity with two...

Cadogan DF, Papez M, Poppe AC, et al. 1994. An assessment of the release, occurrence and possible effects of plasticisers in the environment. Prog Rubber Plast Technol 10 1-19. 

Felton LA, McGinity JW. Influence of plasticisers on the adhesive properties of an acrylic resin copolymer to hydrophilic and hydrophobic tablet compacts. Int J Pharm 1997 154(2) 167—178. Okarter TU, Singla K. The effects of plasticisers on the release of metoprolol tartrate from granules coated with a polymethacrylate film. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000 26(3) 323—329. 

ECPI (1995) Assessment of the Release, Occurrence and Possible Effects of Plasticisers in the Environment. Phthalate esters used in PVC (draft report). European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates. 

Table 3.4 Effect of plasticiser DEHP (di [2-ethylhexyl] phthalate) c moulded at 178°C and under pressure for 5 m oncentration on physical properties of PVC inutes (Wilson, 1995) ...

There are further examples of the possible health effects of plasticisers and additives used in PVC ... 

A plasticiser is a material incorporated in a plastic to increase its workability and flexibility or distensibility. The melt viscosity, elastic modulus and Tg of a plastic are lowered by a plasticiser addition. There are several theories to explain plasticiser effects such as the lubricity, gel, and free volume. Plasticisers are essentially nonvolatile solvents and therefore, polymer and plasticiser compatibility is very important and the solubility parameter difference (A8) should be less than 1.8. When present in small amounts plasticisers generally act as antiplasticisers, (i.e., they increase the hardness and decrease the elongation of polymers). Figure 6.12 illustrates the effect of plasticiser on modulus. Increasing concentration of the plasticiser shifts the transition from the high modulus (glassy) plateau region to the low, i.e., to occur at lower temperature [9]. 

THE EFFECTS OF PLASTICISERS, IMPACT MODIFYERS AND "COMPATTBIUSERS" ON PVC PERFORMANCE... 

M. Bounartzi, A. Panagopoulou, N. Kantiranis, S. Malamataris, and I. Nikolakakis, Effect of plasticiser type on the hot melt extrusion of venlafaxine hydrochloride, /Pharm Pharmacol, 66 (2), 297-308,2014. 

Figure 1.11 Diagrams showing the effect of plasticiser or molecular weight on the gl lss transition temperature. Increasing molecular weight will increase 7g whereas the inclusion of plasticiser will reduce 7g.

In the present work we have found that Equation (13) adequately describes the reduction in friction of PET fibres in water and SDS/salt solutions only on the basis of the wetting characteristics of the liquid. The model can be readily extended to determine the level of boundary lubrication since the equation contains interfacial shear strength terms. In the same way it should be possible to determine the effect of plasticising substances. ... 

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