Effect of oxygen concentration

Wastage was caused by classic long-term underdeposit corrosion. The combined effects of oxygen concentration cells, low flow, and contamination of system water with high chloride- and sulfate-concentration makeup waters caused corrosion. 

Figure 5.1 Effect of oxygen concentration on corrosion of mild steel in slowly moving water containing 165 ppm CaCl2 48-hour test, 25°C. [Courtesy of H. H. Uhlig, D. N. Triadis, and M. Stern, Effect of Oxygen, Chlorides, and Calcium Ion on Corrosion Inhibition of Iron by Polyphosphates, J. Electrochem. Soc. 102, p. 60 (1955). Reprinted with permission by The Electrochemical Society, Inc. ]...

Fig. 8.42 Hydrogen permeation current as a function of applied potential, showing effect of oxygen concentration and applied potential (after Barth and Troiano )...

Effect of oxygen concentration on rate of combustion, (a) Steel wool in the flame reads with atmospheric oxygen, (b) In a stream of pure oxygen, the steel wool bums much faster. 

Effects of oxygen concentration on the reaction over iron phosphate catalyst... 

Chi, Y. and Chuang, S.S.C. (2000) The effect of oxygen concentration on the reduction of NO with propylene over Gii0/y-AI203, Catal. Today, 62, 303. 

Figure 21 Chemiluminescence from polybutadiene the effect of oxygen concentration in a mixture with nitrogen, 130°C, total flow of gas 3.6 l/h, the numbers denote the volume percent of oxygen in the mixture with nitrogen.

The effect of oxygen concentration is thus included in a constant m, which modifies both the resulting maximum of the chemiluminescence intensity and the apparent rate constant k of hydroperoxide decomposition. 

Asphyxiation and Toxicity Hazards An asphyxiant is a chemical (either a gas or a vapor) that can cause death or unconsciousness by suffocation (BP, Hazards of Nitrogen and Catalyst Handling, 2003). A simple asphyxiant is a chemical, such as N2, He, or Ar, whose effects are caused by the displacement of 02 in air, reducing the 02 concentration below its normal value of approximately 21 vol %. The physiological effects of oxygen concentration reduction by simple asphyxiants are illustrated in Table 23-18 (BP, Hazards of Nitrogen and Catalyst Handling, 2003). 

FIGURE 4.22 Relative effect of oxygen concentrations on flame speed for various fuel-air systems at P = 1 atm and T0 = 298 K (after Zebatakis [25]). 

The effects of oxygen concentration with a catechol feed rate of 18 x 10 mmol/ min and the effect of catechol feed rate with 3% oxygen on the cracking of catechol over nanoparticle iron oxide were studied at 280°C temperature. There was an increase in the conversion of catechol with an increase in oxygen concentration and a decrease in catechol feed rate (lower concentration) as illustrated in Fig. 12.5. 

FIGURE 12.5. Effects of oxygen concentration and feed rate on catechol conversion over iron ox-... 

FIGURE 12.10. Effect of oxygen concentration on the fractional concentration of products resulting from catechol cracking over iron oxide/quartz chips with a feed rate of 18 x 10 mmol/min at (a) 280°C and (b) 330°C for primary (P) and secondary I (S-I)products that are derived by factor... 

Effect of Oxygen Concentration. The effect of oxygen concentration on the conversion to anthraquinone and anthracene was also determined. As the oxygen partial pressure was increased, the ratio of anthraquinone to anthracene formed increased significantly (Table V). Thus, the data indicate that higher oxygen concentrations favor anthraquinone formation. 

FIGURE 6-13. Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Corrosion of Mild Steel... 

Effect of oxygen concentration on corrosion of mild steel in slowly moving water containing 165 ppm CaCI2 48-hour test, 77°F (25°C)... 

Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Catalytic Oxidation and Ionization. A number of the hydrocarbons studied were oxidized over platinum by the usual procedure using a mixture of 60% oxygen and 40% nitrogen... 

Figure 3. Effect of oxygen concentration on catalytic oxidation of 2,2-dimethylhutane...

Effect of oxygen concentration. The reaction was conducted by changing the... 

If the concentration of reducing gas is rather high and the effect of oxygen concentration cannot be ignored in the catalytic oxidation of reducing gas, we should modify Eq. 1 as follows ... 

The rate of reaction (dA/dT area/min) at different oxygen concentrations %) in the carrier gas provides the effect of oxygen concentration on the generation of volatile compounds. Likewise, the effect of temperature was obtained from the rate of reaction against the reaction temperature. 

Ketene and Oxygen Effect of Oxygen Concentration and Intensity Volume of Cell = 76 ml.) (Holroyd and Noyes8 )... 

Fig. 9a and b. Effect of oxygen concentration on the total heat flux (heat transfer from the flame to the poly(methyl methacrylate) surface through the gas and condensed (qj phase a) 25 vol %, b) 40 vol % Oj (After Ref. 

Figure 6. Effect of oxygen concentration profile on limestone requirement for different assumed -qsAE and f...

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