Effect of oxidation state

Figure 11.41 shows, for example, the effect of oxidation state on the isotopic compositions of sulfur minerals at T = 200 °C assuming = 0%o. At T =... 

The selenite and sdenate ions illustrate the effect of oxidation state on adsorption behaviour. The selenite ion (SeO ) adsorbs strongly and specifically on goethite and shifts the iep of both goethite and ferrihydrite to lower pH values (Su and Suarez,... 

The effect of the charge is stronger than the effect of oxidation state. The chemist must be aware of the simplicity of these rules which, however, provide an indication of the reactivity of the coordinated ligands. In some external attacks it appears that other factors may be at the origin of the driving forces (88a). 

Effect of oxidation states and structure on the catalytic performance... 

Figure 21-6 indicates the position of peaks for sulfur in its several oxidation states and in various types of organic compounds. The data in the top row clearly demonstrate the effect of oxidation state. Note also in the last four rows of the chart that XPS discriminates between two sulfur atoms contained in a single ion or molecule. Thus, two peaks are observed for thiosulfate ion (SiOp ), suggesting different oxidation slates for the two sulfur atoms,... 

Since the electronegativity of Nil ll) is smallest, the cr-donation will be the least, and the i (CN) is expected to be the lowest. The effect of oxidation state is seen in the frequency order." ... 

C. Effect of Oxidation State on Arsenic Capacity and Run Length... 

Ion exchange The effect of oxidation state can also be considered for some of the Ln atoms because some can change to a Ln or Ln. This changes the valency of the atom, which in turn alters the reactivity of that atom. In the +2 or +4 oxidation state, the capacity for complexing to other types of ligands can be exploited to selectively remove particular ions. 

Fig. 2. The effect of oxidation state on the electrostatic potential field surrounding spinach PC. The parameters used to calculate the electric field were protein/solvent dielectric constants = 2/80 solvent ionic strength = 150 mM Stern layer = 2 A. Isopotential lines are shown for kT/e of 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, -0.25, -0.5, -1.0, -2.0, -4.0. a) Oxidized PC b) Reduced PC c) Oxidized - reduced PC (Ionic strength = 30 mM).

Figure 22.20 Effects of oxidation state and ligand on color. A, Solutions of two hydrated vanadium ions O.N. of V is +2 (left) O.N. of V is -1-3 (right). B,A change in one ligand can influence the color. [Cr(NH3)el + is yellow (left), and Cr(NH3)5CI]2+ is purple (right).

Monnier, J.R. and Apai, G. Effect of oxidation states on the syngas activity of transition metal oxide catalysts. Prepr. Div. Petro. Chem. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 31, 239. 

Chemical engineering literature is mainly focused on modeling the converter as a whole. However, a lot of work remains to be done at the catalyst level. Are the available kinetic expressions valid in the transient state What is the effect of oxygen storage in Ce02 What is the effect of oxidation state of Rhodium All these questions should be answered to obtain reliable model predictions. 

Other J P-E-P) Couplings These generally exhibit effects of oxidation state, substituent electronegativity, and conformation similar to those described above for X = N, and values have been collected in Ref. 3. 

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