Effect of filler type

Kumar, R., Howdle, S. and Munstedt, H. (2005) Polyamide/silver antimicrobials Effect of filler types on the silver ion release. /. Biomed. Mater. Res. Appl. Biomater., 75 (2), 311—319. 

Eq 7. 36 was used to evaluate the effect of filler type and loading on rebound, modulus, compression. It also permits a comparison with the parameters which characterize moi phology. 

Figure 8.32 shows the effect of filler type and concentration on the mode of fracture. Several factors are responsible for the behavior. CaT (calcium terephthalate) fillers have good adhesion to the matrix and have an elongated shape. CaCOs (1) and (2) are both untreated fillers of smaller particle sizes (2.2 and 4.1 (dm, respectively). CaCO (3) is a stearate coated filler (better dispersion, but poor adhesion to matrix) with a particle size of 6.1 im. The mode of fracture depends on filler concentration, the degree of adhesion to the matrix, and particle size. 

Figure 8.54. Effect of filler type on adhesion of polyurethane adhesive. [Adapted, by permission, from Oien H T, Polyurethanes 95. Conference Proceedings, Chicago, II., 26th-29th Sept.1995, 137-41.]...

In the same studies, Moehlenpah et al (1970, 1971) obtained master curves for the stress relaxation of their epoxy systems, at least into the glass-to-rubber transition region (Figure 12.4), and demonstrated similar behavior of both the stress relaxation modulus and the tensile modulus as a function of strain rate. As with the strain rate studies mentioned, no effect of filler type on the WLF shift factor was observed. All solid fillers increased the modulus of the system, the fibers being more effective than the spheres. The bubbles, as expected (Nielsen, 1967a), decreased the modulus. 

Chookaew et al described the effects of filler types and contents on the weld line strength of NBR, suggesting that an increased amount of CaCOs has little effect on the weld line strength, whereas in the case of Si02 the weld line strength of NBR is far lower than the values obtained for the samples absent of... 

Hornsby and Watson have also investigated the effect of various magnesium hydroxides on polypropylene. They found some effect of filler type on UL94 vertical burn rating, but were unable to correlate this with particle morphology [26]. 

The strength of rubbers is influenced strongly by the effect of filler type and loading. This is discussed further in Section 7.6.1. The addition of plasticisers is known to reduce... 

J. L Hote-Gaston, and D. Wallick, Effect of filler type on the stability of polyethylene oxide in a hydrophilic matrix tablet, CRS Poster, New York, USA, 2008. 

Chapters 6 to 9 discuss the steady shear viscous properties, steady shear elastic properties, unsteady shear viscoelastic properties and extensional flow properties, respectively. The effect of filler type, size, size distribution, concentration, agglomerates, smface treatment as well as the effect of polymer type are elucidated. The tenth chapter has been... 

The experimental studies of the influence of fillers on the rheological properties of polymer melts by White et al. [29] best illustrate the effect of filler type. The steady shear elastic data were generated in terms of the first normal stress difference using the cone and plate arrangement of the Rheometrics Mechanical Spectrometer at a fixed temperature of 180°C. 

Figure 9.1 shows the variation of extensional viscosity with extensional rate for the three filled polystyrene systems containing Ti02, CB and CaCOa. A comparison between Figure 9.1 and Figure 6.1 indicates the fillers appear in the same sequence when their levels of increases are considered. The highest viscosity increase occurs in CaCOj filled system, the lowest in Ti02 filled system and the medium in CB filled system both in extensional as well as shear flow. This naturally leads to the conclusion ttiat the effect of filler type on the extension viscous properties would be qualitatively akin to the effect on the shear viscous properties. 

The effect of filler type, size, concentration, size distribution, agglomerates, surface treatment and polymer matrix on the rheology of the filled systems is discussed in detail in most cases. Only where information is lacking, such as in tire case of extensional flow properties in Chapter 9, are some of tiie effects missing, and the discussion is concise on the treated effects. 

In this expresdon, Cj is a term attributed to the effect of the filler on the cr taUinity and Ikikx, thermal conductivity of the polymer matrix. Since k can be measured as a function of polymer crystallinity, and the effect of filler type and amcentration on crystallinity can be measured independently of tiiermal conductivity me irements, the refinement of incorporating the term Cl is unnecessary. Agari determined Cj to be very dose to 1 for most of the compositions studied by curve fitting Eq. (20) to data. Making Cj = 1 simplifies Eq. (20), resulting in ... 

Crenshaw, L.E., Neoprene AG—Effect of Filler Type in High Viscosity Mastics, DuPont Elastomers Report, Feb. 19, 1968. 

Figure 6 - Effect of Filler Type and Content on Modulus of Nyltm 6...

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