Enhancing effect

G-5—G-9 Aromatic Modified Aliphatic Petroleum Resins. Compatibihty with base polymers is an essential aspect of hydrocarbon resins in whatever appHcation they are used. As an example, piperylene—2-methyl-2-butene based resins are substantially inadequate in enhancing the tack of 1,3-butadiene—styrene based random and block copolymers in pressure sensitive adhesive appHcations. The copolymerization of a-methylstyrene with piperylenes effectively enhances the tack properties of styrene—butadiene copolymers and styrene—isoprene copolymers in adhesive appHcations (40,41). Introduction of aromaticity into hydrocarbon resins serves to increase the solubiHty parameter of resins, resulting in improved compatibiHty with base polymers. However, the nature of the aromatic monomer also serves as a handle for molecular weight and softening point control. 

Secondary nucleation is an important particle formation process in industrial crystallizers. Secondary nucleation occurs because of the presence of existing crystals. In industrial crystallizers, existing crystals in suspension induce the formation of attrition-like smaller particles and effectively enhance the nucleation rate. This process has some similarity with attrition but differs in one important respect it occurs in the presence of a supersaturated solution. 

Improvement of the ionic current by fast transport in the electrodes. High electronic mobility and low electronic concentration favor fast chemical diffusion in electrodes by building up high internal electric fields [14]. This effect enhances the diffusion of ions toward and away from the solid electrolyte and allows the establishment of high current densities for the battery. 

Interelement effects, see Absorption effect Enhancement effect Interference, by target lines, 102, 103... 

G2, to G3, and to G4, the effective enhancement was 10%, 36%, and 35% larger than the value estimated by the simple addition of monomeric values. The enhancement included the local field effect due to the screening electric field generated by neighboring molecules. Assuming the chromophore-solvent effect on the second-order susceptibility is independent of the number of chro-mophore units in the dendrimers, p enhancement can be attributed to the inter-molecular dipole-dipole interaction of the chromophore units. Hence, such an intermolecular coupling for the p enhancement should be more effective with the dendrimers composed of the NLO chromophore, whose dipole moment and the charge transfer are unidirectional parallel to the molecular axis. 

Photoinduced ET at liquid-liquid interfaces has been widely recognized as a model system for natural photosynthesis and heterogeneous photocatalysis [114-119]. One of the key aspects of photochemical reactions in these systems is that the efficiency of product separation can be enhanced by differences in solvation energy, diminishing the probability of a back electron-transfer process (see Fig. 11). For instance, Brugger and Gratzel reported that the efficiency of the photoreduction of the amphiphilic methyl viologen by Ru(bpy)3+ is effectively enhanced in the presence of cationic micelles formed by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride [120]. Flash photolysis studies indicated that while the kinetics of the photoinduced reaction,... 

Perhaps the most intriguing perspective is that caffeine s major effects have little to do with muscles and fat metabolism but result from its psychostimulant effects, enhancing mood, improving attitude towards exercise, and thus motivating athletes to work harder and longer. This would account for its purported inability to alter strength, which may be a less psychologically malleable variable, while endurance performance is sometimes believed to be more amenable to force of will. 

Both secondary active transport and positive cooperativity effects enhance carrier-mediated solute flux, in contrast to negative cooperativity and inhibition phenomena, which depress this flux. Most secondary active transport in intestinal epithelia is driven by transmembrane ion gradients in which an inorganic cation is cotransported with the solute (usually a nutrient or inorganic anion). Carriers which translocate more than one solute species in the same direction across the membrane are referred to as cotransporters. Carriers which translocate different solutes in opposite directions across the membrane are called countertransporters or exchangers (Figs. 10 and 11). 

C. carpio 5 increase in activities of various liver enzymes, and in blood sugar levels during exposure for 6 days effects enhanced by the herbicide methidation 19... 

Salicylic acid is one of the most commonly used keratolytics. It causes a disruption in corneocyte-to-corneocyte cohesion in the abnormal horny layer of psoriatic skin. This serves to remove scales, smooth the skin, and decrease hyperkeratosis. The keratolytic effect enhances penetration and... 

Effectively enhancing the change-motivation of a person who has a drug problem is perhaps the most important skill a professional can have. Usually such skill takes a great deal of experience and training to develop. Enhancing the motivation... 

The levels of PAF synthesis and release are also modulated by levels of extracellular albumin. In the absence of albumin, neutrophils (stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe) synthesise only low levels of PAF within 1-2 min of stimulation. In the presence of 0.25% albumin, PAF synthesis is increased, and up to half of this may be released with 5% albumin, rates of synthesis and release are increased further and sustained over a 30-min period. Newly-synthesised PAF is reincorporated by neutrophils into membrane lipids and is therefore poorly soluble in aqueous media. Thus, extracellularly added albumin will bind to cell-associated PAF and effectively solubilise it at concentrations below its critical micellar concentration (CMC). This will effectively enhance the PAF release rate, which will decrease the concentration of cell-associated PAF thus, the rate of biosynthesis will be sustained. 

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