EDX studies

The EDX spectrum of the nylon membrane (not shown) presents the characteristic peaks assigned to the C, O and N Ka lines, the last two as a single broad peak unresolved due to their proximity and small concentration. The presence of these chemical elements corresponds to the chemical formulation of polyamide [26]. The EDX study of supported ionic liquid membranes is based on the selection of characteristic elements of interest in each ionic liquid, for example F and P for [bmimq... 

From the SEM-EDX study, it was concluded that, in all three cases of ILs snpported on nylon membranes, no snbstantial loss of ionic tiqnid occurred after a week of operation in an n-hexane/n-hexane diffnsion cell. Only minimal loss of the ionic tiqnid accumulated on the external surface of SLMs was detected from the SEM pictures. 

The stability of a SILM based on [bmim ][BF ] supported in a nylon membrane has been also analysed in other organic solvents, such as n-hexane//eri-butyl methyl ether and n-hexane/dimethyl sulphoxide [29]. The SEM-EDX study of the membranes after continnons operation showed that the stability of the supported liquid membrane increases with the decrease of the polarity of the solvent used. 

Takadama H, Kim HM, Koknbo T, Nakamma T (2001a) An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy stndy of the process of apatite formation on bioactive titanium metal. J Biomed Mater Res 55 185-193 Takadama H, Kim HM, Kokubo T, Nakamttra T (2001b) TEM-EDX study of mechanism of bonelike apatite formation on bioactive titanirrm metal in simulated body flttid. J Biomed Mater Res 57 441-448 Takagi S, Chow LC (2001) Formation of macropores in calcium phosphate cement implants. J Biomed Mater Res 12 135-139... 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and results of the eneigy dispersive A-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were obtained on the JEOL JSM-6400 microscope. The parallel beam of electrons with energy 3 kV was used for X M-image acquisition of the samples surface, while under the qualitative and quantitative determination of elements in the samples the eneigy of electrons (EHT) was scanned in the 0-10 kV interval. In the first case the distance from electron source to samples surface was 3-4 mm, while during EDX studies - 10 mm. 

F. Tomas-Alonso, A.M. Rubio, R. Alvarez et al. Dynamic potential response and SEM-EDX studies of polymeric inclusion membranes based on ionic liquids. Int. J. Electrochem. Set 8 (2013) 4955 969. 

A.P. de los Rios, F.J. Hernandez-Femandez, F. Tomas-Alonso et al., A SEM-EDX study of highly stable supported liquid membranes based on ionic liquids. J. Membr Sci. 300 (2007) 88-94. 

Takadama, H., Kim, H.-M., Kokuho T., and Nakamura, T. (2001). TEM-EDX study of mechanism of honelike apatite formation on bioactive titanium metal in simulated body fluid. J Biomed. Mater. Res. 57 441-448. 

Amin, M.A, Abd EI-Rehim, S.S., El-Sherbini, E.E.F., Hazzazi, O.A. Abbas, M.N. (2009). Polyaoylic acid as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in weakly alkaline solutions. Part L Weight loss, polarization, impedance EFM and EDX studies. Corrosion Science 51 658-667. 

The picture sequence in Figure 32.4 reveals that the oxygen flux recovery after He treatment is associated with the perovskite reconstruction. Furthermore, the XRD data together with the EDXS study presented in Arnold et al. s paper clearly state the formation of a mixed barium strontium carbonate (Baj Sri j C03) layer about 5 pm thick responsible for the oxygen permeation drop. 

The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K on solids were determined by using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 equipment. XRD patterns of sohd samples were recorded by means of a Philips PW-1732 device with built-in recorder. Thermo Nicolet IR 200 equipment and pellets with BrK were used to obtain the FT-IR spectra of the solid samples. For the transmission electron microscopy (TEM and EDX) study, a JEOL transmission electron microscope, JEM-2010 model, was used. 

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