Eddington

In November 1919 Einstein became the mythical figure he is to this day. In May of that year two solar eclipse expeditions had (in the words of the astronomer Eddington) confirm[ed] Einstein s weird theory of non-Euclidean space. On November 6 the president of the Royal Society declared in London that this was the most remarkable scientific event since the discoveiy [in 18461 of the predicted existence of the planet Neptune. ... 

I4Similar questions have been raised, for example, about Eddington s confirmation of Einstein s star shift predictions. Sec Earman and Glymour (1980). 

GS Rekhi, ND Eddington, MJ Fossler, P Schwartz, LJ Lesko, LL Augsburger. Evaluation of in vitro release rate and in vivo absorption characteristics of four metoprolol tartrate immediate release tablet formulations. Pharm Devel Tech 2(1) 11-24, 1997. 

ND Eddington, M Ashraf, LL Augsburger, JL Leslie, MJ Fossler, LJ Lesko, VP Shah, GS Rekhi. Identification of formulation and manufacturing variables that influence in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability of propranolol hydrochloride tablets. Pharm Dev Tech 3(4) 535-547, 1998. 

It is certainly not an exaggeration to refer to the second law of thermodynamics as an important, universally valid physical principle, as did the well-known English astronomer A. S. Eddington (1932). 

Eddington AS (1932) The Nature of the Physical World. Cambridge University Press... 

A form of the curve of growth more relevant to stellar (as opposed to interstellar) absorption lines is derived from work by E. A. Milne, A. S. Eddington, M. Min-naert, D. H. Menzel and A. Unsold. In the Milne-Eddington model of a stellar photosphere, the continuum source function (equated to the Planck function in the LTE approximation) increases linearly with continuum optical depth rA and there is a selective absorption i]K, in the line, where rj(Av), the ratio of selective to continuous absorption, is a constant independent of depth given by... 

For an estimate of radiation pressure, see the description of Eddington s Standard Model in Appendix 4. 

Fig. 5.23. Possible outcomes of accretion on to a CO white dwarf, according to its mass and accretion rate. Medd is the critical (Eddington) rate above which radiation pressure drives material out. After Nomoto and Kondo (1991). Courtesy Ken-ichi Nomoto.

Show that the Eddington limiting luminosity, at which the gradient of radiation pressure balances gravity near the surface, is given by... 

A. S. Eddington develops theory of radiative equilibrium (building on earlier work by A. Schuster and K. Schwarzschild) and applies it to internal constitution of stars. He also pioneers physics of interstellar gas. 

Another interesting application is Eddington s Standard Model (Eddington 1926). In this model it is assumed that gas pressure and radiation pressure contribute respective fractions fi and 1 — ft to the total pressure, with fi constant in any... 

See Arnett (1996) for applications of Eddington s Standard Model to more complicated situations. 

Eddington, A. S. 1926, The Internal Constitution of the Stars, Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 

A.S. Eddington, The nature of the physical world, 1948, University Press, Cambridge. 

He wrote this in 1925. Eliot s poem, in turn, inspired others. In 1927, the astronomer Sir Arthur Eddington said that if entropy was always increasing, then we can know the direction in which time moves by looking at the direction in which it increases. The phrase entropy is the arrow of time gripped the popular imagination, although it is rather meaningless. 

The site http //www-groups. dcs. st-and. ac. uk/ history/Mathematicians/Eddington. html contains a brief biography of Sir Arthur Eddington, who first proposed the phrase arrow of time . 

The short lifetimes of high-mass stars means that HMXBs are not thought to be long-lived, typically only a few million years. As a result, even at an Eddington accretion rate of M = 1018 g s 1, only a few hundredths of a solar mass is transferred to the neutron star. Therefore, the mass of a neutron star in an HMXB is expected to be close to its birth mass. In contrast, LMXBs can last for tens of millions of years and in principle accrete tenths of a solar mass. 

Kamimori GH, Karyekar CS, Otterstetter R, Cox DS, Balldn TJ, Belenky GL, and Eddington ND (2002) The rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine administered in chewing gum versus capsules to normal healthy volunteers. Int. J. Pharm. 234 159-167. 

Salama NN, Eddington ND, and Fasano A [2006] Tight junction modulation and its relationship to drug dehvery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58 15-28... 

Mistry, B., Leslie, J.L., and Eddington, N.D., Enantiomeric separation of met-oprolol and a-hydroxymetoprolol by hquid chromatography and fluorescence detection using a chiral stationary phase, J. Chromatogr. B, 758, 153, 2001. 

E. Whittaker, From Euclid to Eddington, Dover, New York, 1958, pp. 58-60. 

I returned to the University of Toronto in the summer of 1940, having completed a Master s degree at Princeton, to enroll in a Ph.D. program under Leopold Infeld for which I wrote a thesis entitled A Study in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Based on Sir A.S. Eddington s Relativity Theory of Protons and Electrons. This book summarized his thought about the constants of Nature to which he had been led by his shock that Dirac s equation demonstrated that a theory which was invariant under Lorentz transformation need not be expressed in terms of tensors. 

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