Economizers typical designs

While successbil and economical system designs can be devised by experienced process engineers, the competent technical aid available from equipment supphers has led to a growing trend toward the purchase of complete systems, even on small jobs, rather than iu-plaut assembly from components on the basis of in-house designs. An idea of the change in capital investment for typical pneumatic-conveyor systems as a function of increasing transfer rates is given in Table 21-12. 

Economic optimum design of piping will be touched on later, but the rules of Table 6.2 of typical linear velocities and pressure drops provide a rough guide for many situations. 

Because workstations can be designed and dedicated to a single, specific task, they are normally simpler mechanically and usually more reliable than are robotic stations. In addition, they can provide a data trail for regulatory compliance and are typically designed to be operated by non-experts. Commercial workstations vary in their level of sophistication, which allows the automation of even the most simple procedures. Economically, automation can benefit anybody running more than 150 samples a day and can justify purchasing a moderately priced workstation. More sophisticated workstations, however, are only profitable with a heavier workload. As a rule, a workstation will replace a 40 000-a-year technician and have a one- to two-year payback period. 

The above statements can be further substantiated by looking more closely at the various perspectives from which the Asset can be considered. In order to do this, we will follow the typical design process to realize a value opportunity. From outside in, it is important that the predicted revenue streams for the capital investment are realized as per shareholder promises. The capability to deliver on this could be qualified as Economic Integrity, although this term is not widely used. It will only happen if the underlying production performance is delivered as per expectation in all key performance areas. The market conditions further determine the revenue streams. 

For economic reasons, designers typically reduce the mass of a structure, but doing so reduces the lateral reaction forces that the structure can withstand. This happens as the structure is allowed to deflect more or an energy-absorbing device is applied. An elastomer is ideal in such an environment because it will not corrode. Metal components can thus be totally encapsulated in an elastomer and then bonded to all-metal surfaces. The elastomer can be used in conditions of shear, compression, or buckling. In examining... 

---