Ecological organization

Principle of Ecology Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them. 

Figure 1.13. Features of ecotoxicological effects based on the level of ecological organization. (From Newman, 1995.)...

Stolp, H. (1988). Microbial Ecology Organisms, Habitats, Activities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 

Toxic effects cu e not divided into cancer and non-cancer effects for wildlife species, primarily because cancer tcikes many years to develop and the shorter life span of most wildlife species, combined with predation, usually means that individuals do not die from cancer. Rather, effects are divided into different levels of ecological organization, which typically include the following ... 

This level focuses on effects on a population, which is defined as a group of individual organisms of one species in a contiguous geographical area. For example, this could be a prairie dog colony. Effects at this level of organization include effects on reproduction, because reproductive impairment can impact the number of animals in a population, which can then impair the health of the population as a whole. It is at this level of ecological organization that DDT exerts its effect on... 

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