East Timor

Blum PG, Stephens D. Severe falciparum malaria in five soldiers from East Timor A case series and literature review. Anaesth Intensive Care 2001 29 426-434. 

Chev er B, Carmoi T, Sagui E et al. Report of the first cases of cutaneous leishmanial in East Timor. Clin Infect Dis 2000 30 840. 

ICJ East Timor case (Portugal v. Australia), Judgment 30 June 1995,1.C.J. Reports 1995 ICJ (Advisory Opinion) Legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, 8 July 1996. See also ICJ (Advisory Opinion) Legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the occupied Palestinian Territory, 9 July 2004... 

This includes cases of armed occupation, racist regimes (formerly South Africa) and alien domination (Palestine), in addition to instances of secondary colonialism (Western Sahara, formerly East Timor). 

As already noted, in addition to genuine colonies, it is accepted that peoples living under alien occupation (Palestine) and under racist regimes (formerly South Africa) are entitled to the right of self-determination. The same applies to secondary colonies. These are entities that were entitled to colonial self-determination in the first place. However, when they were at the very point of administering the act of self-determination, they were forcibly incorporated into another state. East Timor and Western Sahara are the two principal examples of this phenomenon. The 1999 referendum in East Timor, and the territory s subsequent independence from Indonesia, is an example of the implementation of colonial self-determination in the classical sense, albeit somewhat delayed. 

One proposal for interim governanee has been put forward in relation to the long-running Western Sahara dispute. Like that of East Timor before it, the case of Western Sahara is rather special, given its context of unftilfilled colonial self-determination. In the peace plan for self-determination of the people of Western Sahara of 23 May 2003, it is elarified that the purpose of the plan is to achieve a political solution to the conflict in Western Sahara which provides for self-determination, as contemplated in paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 1429 (2002), of 30 July 2002. The plan then proposed ... 

Deferment of the implementation of a claim to self-determination which has, in principle, been accepted is not to be confused with deferment of implementation of statns after an act of self-determination. An example of deferment of status after the completion of the act of self-determination is furnished by East Timor. There, the central state concerned, Indonesia, denied that colonial self-determination was still applicable, the purported integration of the territory having taken place in accordance with the wishes of the population. Indonesia offered East Timor special autonomy. In an agreement with East Timor s colonial power, Portugal, of 5 May 1999, it was decided that a referendum on the proposed special autonomy would decide the status issue. If the referendum were in favour of the autonomy, East Timor wonld... 

Hence, the decision on a referendum which was nominally about special autonomy, but effectively about independence, had already been taken in this arrangement. The referendum was in fact held only a few months after the agreement, on 30 August 1999. The deferment, or interim period, was created to implement the decision if the referendum went against special autonomy. Portugal in fact recognised independence only three years after the agreement had been concluded, when East Timor s new constitution entered into force on 20 May 2002. 

Agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and the Portuguese Republic on the Question of East Timor, 5 May 1999, Art. 6. Full text available at http // www.intstudies.cam.ac.uk/centre/cps/documents easttimor agreement.html, accessed 3 November 2008. 

Indonesia East Timor 05 May 1999 Agreement regarding the Modalities for the Popular Consultation of the East Timorese through a Direct Ballot... 

Valerie Epps, Self-determination after Kosovo and East Timor , 6 ILSA Journal of Inkrmitional and Comparative Law (2000). 

Ian Martin, Sef-dekrmination in East Timor. The United Nations, the Ballot and International Intervention (Boulder, CO Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001). 

In the case on East Timor, The International Court of Justice found that the principle of self-determination of peoples is one of the essential principles of international law. Moreover, it affirmed Portugal s assertion that the right to self-determination is a right erga omnes Thus, it is clear that self-determination remains relevant and should not be shelved. At the same time, one should remember that the case of East Timor was exactly about a non-self-goveming territory. 

International Court of Justice (1986) Frontier Dispute Judgment Case Concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali), 22 December 1986 LC.J. Reprats 1986, p. 554 International Court of Justice (1995) Case Concerning East Timor (Pratugal v. Australia) Judgment, 30 June 1995, I.C.J. Reports 1995, p. 90... 

The dyestuff santahn, used in the manufacture of a number of lake pigments, is made by extraction with ether from tiie ground wood of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f (south-east India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Philippines and East Timor) and P. indicus (India, Malaysia, Mayanmar, Andamans, Phihppines, Soutii China) (Mabberley, 1998). The crystals thus formed are precipitated from tiieir solution in alcohol by lead acetate as a lead salt. This is then decomposed witii sulphuric acid, and the solution is separated from tile lead sulphate and concentrated, the santalin separating out as small red crystals (Zerr and Rtibencamp, 1906). 

International Court of Justice, as well as on case studies East Timor, Kosovo, Chechnya, Georgia, and South Sudan. 

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