Earthquake-proof buildings

They can be used for the design of the future applications i.e., as smart materials, to produce climate walls to regulate internal temperature, in solar energy generation systems, in activated glazing systems which can become transparent or opaque, and to produce earthquake-proof buildings. 

Grounding of a building, (a) Building and (b) earthquake-proof building. 

Biot MA (1933) Theory of elastic systems under transient loading with an application to earthquake proof buildings. Proc Natl Acad Sci 19 262-268... 

Most structural members were made up of riveted plates and cormections for larger structures (Fig. 6) and riveted smaller rolled sections for buildings (Fig. 7). Structures that contained steel columns and beams encased in masoiuy or concrete survived the earthquake and fire relatively unscathed (Fig. 5). The superior performance of steel frames was enshrined in the report by ASCE (1906), which stated The well-designed steel frame offers the best solution of the question of an earthquake proof building, as all the stresses can be cared for. 

The outside walls, ceiling and basement floor of the building have steel reinforcements and are designed to meet the internal lighming protection requirements of Protection Zonel. The building itself and the mechanical and electrical installations will be earthquake proof (SMK Scale 1=7). 

In May 1990 the application for a permit was submitted to the licensing authority. Since the authorities demand that the emergency power plant be earthquake-proof but have not yet issued specifications on the nature of the earthquake, which have yet to be decided, it is uncertain when a building permit will be issued. 

Tracking the reconstruction of Christchurch showed that by September 2013, 21 years after the February 2011 earthquake, demolition of damaged buildings in the CBD was almost complete, and the need for a more tangible sense of momentum and progress through the visible proof of new buildings in the CBD was seen as immediate priorities (NZCID 2013). 

---