Earth pressure cell

Figure 3 is distribution of the earth pressure cells, which arranged in separated two layers. The first layer is on the plane of the base of cushion, which is on the pile cap. There are six cells on the CFG pile cap and four on the soil between piles. The second layer is on the top surface of cushion. There are two cells on the CFG pile cap and two on the soil between piles. Figure 4 is distribution... 

The rainfall intensity was 36 mm/h. Rain water flew into the slope with increment of time under rainfall, the rain water was not drained out in time, the seepage line inner the slope rose, the capacity of upper soil increased, the lower soil of the slope got saturated gradually, the lower soil was washed out. The indication of the earth pressure cells inside the slope started to increase with the increment of the earth pressure under the rainfall, the earth pressure cells laid in the below of the slope bear much more pressure, its indication was greater. When rain flew into the slope to some degree, the non-saturation of the soil turned to saturation, the non-stability seepage of the soil turned to stability... 

The rainfall intensity was 36 mm/h. The seepage line inside the slope rose continually under the rainfall, the lower soil gradually reached saturated, the upper soil water total pressure of the slope increased continually, the indication of the earth pressure cells inside the slope increased under the rainfall, the more closer to the below of the slope. 

Figure 4. Change of silt soil earth pressure cells with time.

The pore water pressure increased with time under rainfall on the sandy slope. The indication of the pore water pressure decreased with slope instability. The indication of earth pressure cells increased with time under rainfall. The soil on the slope run off with time. The trend of earth pressure cells and osmometers on the... 

When air pollutants exit the smoke stack or exhaust pipe (called the sources), they are advected by winds and dispersed by turbulent diffusion. Winds blow from high pressure toward low pressure cells at speeds that depend on the pressure gradient. Because of the Coriolis force, wind trajectories are curvilinear in reference to fixed Earth coordinates, although within a relatively short (few to tens of km) distance, wind trajectories can be approximated as linear. Winds have a horizontal and vertical component. Over flat terrain the horizontal component predominates in mountainous and urban areas with tall buildings, the vertical component can be significant, as well at the land/sea interface. 

Rare-earth and actinide magnetism studies call for low temperatures. The solution then is a gas pressure cell. Such a system using compressed He gas as the pressure transmitting medium has been developed by Butz et al. (1986). It is now stationed at PSI with some modifications (Kratzer et al. l994a). 

Fig. 12. Top High-pressure cell (CuBe) used in the studies of rare-earth metals and intennetallic compounds up to 0.9 GPa (9 kbar). Bottom ZF-(xSR spectrum of FM gadolinium metal inside the CuBe high-fvessure cell. The oscillating signal (see also inset) is the spontaneous spin precession pattern of Gd. The Gaussian relaxation spectrum comes from muons stopped in the cell walls. After Schreier et al. (1997) and Kalvius et al. (20001).

All static studies at pressures beyond 25 GPa are done with diamond-anvil cells conceived independently by Jamieson [32] and by Weir etal [33]. In these variants of Bridgman s design, the anvils are single-crystal gem-quality diamonds, the hardest known material, truncated with small flat faces (culets) usually less than 0.5 nun in diameter. Diamond anvils with 50 pm diameter or smaller culets can generate pressures to about 500 GPa, the highest static laboratory pressures equivalent to the pressure at the centre of the Earth. 

Figure 7.12 Dependence of the hydrogen equilibrium pressure on the unit-cell volume of various LnNij-type compounds (Ln = rare earth). Open circles, LnCoj closed circles, LnNij open triangles, LaCo, (Following Buschow van...

---