Earls

Budil D E, Earle K A, Lynch W B and Freed J H 1989 Electron paramagnetic resonance at 1 millimeter wavelengths Advanced EPR in Biology and Biochemistry ed A J Hoff (Amsterdam Elsevier) ch 8, pp 307 0... 

Earle K, Budll D and Freed J 1996 Millimeter wave electron spin resonance using quasloptical techniques Advances in Magnetic and Optical Resonance vol 19, ed W Warren (San Diego ... 

Anglo-Saxon, Seolfor siolfur L. argentum) Silver has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in Genesis. Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate silver from lead as earl as 3000 B.C. 

Earl Sutherland of Vanderbilt University won the 1971 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for uncovering the role of cAMP as a second messenger in connection with his studies of the fight or flight hormone epineph rine (Section 27 6)... 

Submitted by Earl R. Purchase and Charles E. Braun. Checked by H. R. Snvdee and Nelson R. Easton. 

Chapter 6 Accident Prevention in Process Facilities, Carol Earle (Conti)... 

Graf, m. count (in England) earl, grafisch, a. graphic. 

Calf kidneys, dog kidneys and rhesus monkey kidneys were treated with trypsin to give suspensions of cells. The suspensions were centrifuged and the packed cells diluted with 400 volumes (calf cells) or 200 volumes (dog cells and rhesus monkey cells) of a growth medium consisting of 5% horse serum and 0.5% lactalbumen hydrolysate in Earle s saline, with 100 units/ml each of penicillin and streptomycin. These media were used separately to produce Semliki Forest/calf interferon, Semliki Forest/dog interferon and Semliki Forest/rhesus monkey interferon. The cell-containing growth medium was dispensed into 500 ml medical flat bottles (70 ml in each). The cultures were incubated at 36°C. Confluent sheets of cells (monolayers) were formed in 5 to 6 days. The growth medium was then removed and the monolayers were washed with isotonic phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.5. 

The supernatants containing the interferons were decanted from monolayers, pooled,and tested for freedom from bacteria. Residual arborvirus was inactivated by acid and heat as follows. The liquid was brought to pH 2 by the addition of 0.3N hydrochloric acid in Earle s saline (minus sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate), kept at 4°C for 24 hours, and then brought back to pH 7 by the addition of 0.3N sodium hydroxide in distilled water. The liquid was then heated at 56°C for 30 minutes. 

Martyn Earle, Alain Forestier, Hdene Olivier-Bourbigou, and Peter Wasserscheid... 

The field of reaction chemistry in ionic liquids was initially confined to the use of chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids. With the development of neutral ionic liquids in the mid-1990s, the range of reactions that can be performed has expanded rapidly. In this chapter, reactions in both chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids and in similar Lewis acidic media are described. In addition, stoichiometric reactions, mostly in neutral ionic liquids, are discussed. Review articles by several authors are available, including Welton [1] (reaction chemistry in ionic liquids), Holbrey [2] (properties and phase behavior), Earle [3] (reaction chemistry in ionic liquids), Pagni [4] (reaction chemistry in molten salts), Rooney [5] (physical properties of ionic liquids), Seddon [6, 7] (chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids and industrial applications), Wasserscheid [8] (catalysis in ionic liquids), Dupont [9] (catalysis in ionic liquids) and Sheldon [10] (catalysis in ionic liquids). 

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