Dyeing process adsorption factor

Polar, Uncharged Surfaces. Polar, uncharged surfaces include many of the synthetic polymeric materials such as polyesters, polyamides, and polyacrylates, as well as many natural materials such as cotton and silk. As a result of their surface makeup, the mechanism and extent of adsorption onto such materials is of great potential technological importance, particularly in terms of dyeing processes, waterproofing, and detergency. The mechanism of adsorption onto these surfaces can be much more complex than that of the nonpolar case discussed above, since such factors as orientation will be determined by a balance of several forces. 

An important assumption, however, is assumption 6, since it separates convection and dispersion. Assumptions 7 and 8 aim to further incorporate the adsorption factor into the model. According to the theory and practice, these assrrmptions are reasonable. These basic assiunptions, and special definitions for some individttal cases, provide a basis for mathematical modelling of the dyeing process. 

To understand better the sorption process of dyes of various types of anion exchange resins, it is essential to determine the course of this process in time and the effect of different factors affecting their retention. The rate at which the dissolved dye is removed horn the aqueous solution by solid sorbents is a significant factor for application in wastewater quality control, too. It is essential to evaluate the adsorption kinetics using theoretical models in order to design and control the sorption process units. Two common kinetic models, namely, the Lagergren pseudo first-order model (Equation 4) and the Ho and McKay pseudo second-order model (Equation 5) were fitted to the experimental data of dyes sorption on the anion exchangers ... 

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