Dust collector design

For many years, companies in cold or hot climates have installed cartridge dust collectors designed to remove welding fumes and recirculate heated or cooled filtered air back through the workspace. But in temperate regions where man-... 

From the standpoint of collector design and performance, the most important size-related property of a dust particfe is its dynamic behavior. Particles larger than 100 [Lm are readily collectible by simple inertial or gravitational methods. For particles under 100 Im, the range of principal difficulty in dust collection, the resistance to motion in a gas is viscous (see Sec. 6, Thud and Particle Mechanics ), and for such particles, the most useful size specification is commonly the Stokes settling diameter, which is the diameter of the spherical particle of the same density that has the same terminal velocity in viscous flow as the particle in question. It is yet more convenient in many circumstances to use the aerodynamic diameter, which is the diameter of the particle of unit density (1 g/cm ) that has the same terminal settling velocity. Use of the aerodynamic diameter permits direct comparisons of the dynamic behavior of particles that are actually of different sizes, shapes, and densities [Raabe, J. Air Pollut. Control As.soc., 26, 856 (1976)]. 

Measurements of the concentrations and characteristics of dust dispersed in air or other gases may be necessary (1) to determine the need for control measures, (2) to establish compliance with legal requirements, (3) to obtain information for collector design, and (4) to determine collec tor performance. 

The principal technological developments in the control of air pollution by engineering during the nineteenth century were the stoker for mechanical firing of coal, the scrubber for removing acid gases from effluent gas streams, cyclone and bag house dust collectors, and the introduction of physical and chemical principles into process design. 

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Pressure loss through the cyclone is also a key performance parameter, and this depends mainly on the design of the cyclone. In general, the pressure drop across the cyclone collector is small compared with most other dust collectors, but the higher the collection efficiency required, the larger the pressure drop and hence the energy consumption required. 

The details of specifications for bag filter dust collectors are important to a proper and operable design selection. There are many variables which must be furnished by the manufacturer so that the user can understand how the unit operates mechanically and the unit s dust loading capabilities. The larger the air/cloth ratio for the unit, the smaller will be its physical dimensions and generally, cost however, the higher will be the frequency of cleaning. This can be quite troublesome, therefore low values of this ratio are preferable, consistent with the analysis of overall performance. 

Manufacturing Rooms Manufacturing rooms must be well designed in order to ensure adequate cleaning and reduction of cross-contamination. Points of dust accumulation like 90° angles areas must be avoided in the room, dust collectors or air lines must be presented restrictly at the wall surface and only the minimum equipments must be presented in a room. 

Examples of local exhaust ventilation system are drawdown exhaust tables, slot hoods, dust extraction systems, and portable vapor and dust collectors. Care must be taken that the ventilation systems are utilized and maintained as designed. The condition of the filters and air flow rate should be checked periodically as well as the condition of the duct work, motors, belts, etc. 

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