Duplex material physical properties

A novel application of ionic liquids in biochemistry involved duplex DNA as the anion and polyether-decorated transition metal complexes. When the undiluted liquid DNA-or molten salt-is interrogated electrochemically by a microelectrode, the molten salts exhibit cyclic voltammograms due to the physical diffusion (D-PHYS) of the polyether-transition metal complex. These DNA molten salts constitute a new class of materials whose properties can be controlled by nucleic acid sequence and that can be interrogated in undiluted form on microelectrode arrays (Leone et al., 2001). 

Recent reports indicate that divalent transition metal ions, such as Cu +, forming links between two artificial hydroxypyridone nucleobases can efficiently replace the hydrogen bonding between natural nucleobases, A-T and G-C, in oligonucleotides. Such artificial metal-mediated base pairs results in a moderate increase in the thermal stability of the duplex. They could lead to nucleic acid materials with novel chemical and physical properties. Such ohgonucleotide derivatives are of interest for the design of biosensors, nanomolecular wires, and switches. 

A composite material or simply a composite is a duplex and multifunctional material composed of at least two elements working together to produce a structural material with mechanical and physical properties that are greatly enhanced compared to the properties of the components taken separately. In practice, most composites consist of a bulk material called the matrix and a reinforcement material or filler, added primarily to increase the mechanical strength and stiffness of the matrix but also sometimes to modify its thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. This reinforcement is usually made of fibers (e.g., monofilaments, whiskers) but can also be particulates (i.e., dispersion strengthened and particle reinforced) or even material having a more complex shape (e.g., mesh, ribbon, laminates, etc.). Composites are first classified according to their matrix phase into three major classes ... 

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