Dual charge transport layer

Spojkman M, Mathijssen SGJ, Smits ECP, Kemerink M, Blom PWM, de Leeuw DM (2010) Monolayer dual gate transistors with a single charge transport layer. Appl Phys Lett 96 143304... 

CTL - charge transport layer. Reprinted with permission from Pai and Springett (1993). Copyright 1993 by the American Physical Society, (b) Surface potential during a photo-induced-discharge curve measurement. Reprinted with permission from Law (1993). Copyright 1993 American Chemical Society, (c) PIDC and contrast for a dual layer photoreceptor. Reprinted from Borsenberger and Weiss (1998) by courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc. 

Fig. 6.2 Schematic depiction of the light-induced discharge process for a negatively corona-charged dual-layer photoreceptor. CGL and CTL denote the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer, respectively.

Figure 4.13 Charge transport materials for dual layer photoconductors.

Decreased charge acceptance of dual-layer photoreceptors with N,N -dipheny l-N,N -bis(3 -methylphenyl)-( 1,1 -bipheny l)-4,4 -diamine (TPD) containing transport layers after extended corona exposures has been reported by Pai and Yanus (1984). This effect was reduced by the addition of a thin polymer surface layer doped with bis-(2-methyl-4-N,N-diethylaminophenyl)phenyl-methane. Ong et al. (1989) described a similar effect with an inverse dual-layer photoreceptor. In this case, the surface layer contained an electron transport... 

Within the framework of current transport theories, the task of the chemist is to prepare donor molecules in which the molecule has the appropriate oxidation potential, orbital delocalization, and solubility. Further, the effects of dipolar disorder and intermolecular dimer sites must be minimized. Finally, the physical and chemical interactions of the transport and generation materials (whether in a single or dual-layer configuration) must promote efficient charge generation and injection. The systematic integration of all of these characteristics is indeed formidable. 

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