Drying of liquids

DRYING OF LIQUIDS OR OF SOLUTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS... 

Drying of liquids or of solutions of organic compounds in organic... 

Chemical drying of liquids often involves reaction, with or without heating, of a solid which will react selectively with water. Calcium or lithium aluminium hydrides are often used evolved hydrogen needs safe venting. For the lithal, careful stirring and temperature control is essential to prevent formation of extremely... 

Kuhn, K. and Boedecker, M. (1972) Shaped body for filtering and drying of liquids and gases and process of making the same. US Patent 3,687,297. 

Agents for the drying of liquids must, of course, be chemically inert, as otherwise undesired side reactions could occur (e.g., styrene polymerizes explosively on contact with concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature). 

Where large amounts of water are to be removed, a preliminary drying of liquids is often possible by shaking with concentrated solutions of calcium chloride or potassium carbonate, or by adding sodium chloride to salt out the organic phase (for example, in the drying of lower alcohols). 

For direct drying of liquids, slurries, and pastes, drum dryers are the only competition for spray dryers, although fluidized bed dryers sometimes can be adapted to the purpose. Spray dryers are capable of large evaporation rates, 12,000-15,000 lb/hr or so, whereas a 300sqft drum dryer for instance may have a capacity of only 3000 lb/hr. The spherelike sprayed particles often are preferable to drum dryer flakes. Dust control is intrinsic to spray dryer construction but will be an extra for drum dryers. The completely enclosed operation of spray dryers also is an advantage when toxic or noxious materials are handled. 

D. Levi-Hevroni, A. Levy, I. Borde, Mathematical modelling of drying of liquid/solid slurries in steady sate one-dimensional flow, Drying Technol. 13 (5-7) (1995) 1187-1201. 

N. Abuaf, F.W. Staub, Drying of liquid-solid slurry droplets, Drying 86 Proc. 5th Int. Drying Symp. 1 (1987) 227-248. 

Bellows, R.J. and King, C.J. (1973). Product collapse during freeze drying of liquid foods. AIChESymp. Ser., 69(132), 33 1. 

Thijssen, H. A. C. Prevention of aroma losses during drying of liquid foods.Dechema-Monogra-phien 2Q, 353-366 (1972)... 

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