Drugs development/testing process

Drug Development Tests are performed on the lead compounds in test tubes (laboratory, in vitro) and on animals (in vivo) to check how they affect the biological systems. The tests, often called preclinical research activities, include toxicology, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, as well as optimization of drug delivery systems. Many iterations are carried out, and the leading compounds are modified and synthesized to improve their interactions with the targets, or to reduce the toxicity or improve pharmacokinetics performance. At the end of this process, an optimized compound is found and this becomes a potential drug ready for clinical trial... 

In particular, in silico methods are expected to speed up the drug discovery process, to provide a quicker and cheaper alternative to in vitro tests, and to reduce the number of compounds with unfavorable pharmacological properties at an early stage of drug development. Bad ADMET profiles are a reason for attrition of new drug candidates during the development process [9, 10]. The major reasons for attrition of new drugs are ... 

The New Drug Development Process Steps from Test Tube to New Drug Application Review, [Internet]. URL http //www.fda.gov/cder/handbook/ develop, htm, accessed 7-29-2000. 

In summary, TLC analysis plays a critical role in the drug development process. Many instruments are available, and the technique is used for both quantitative and qualitative testing. i f determination, identity testing, and stability testing are just a few ways to utilize TLC. 

It is not clear how the immense base of knowledge generated under the various rubrics of genomics will ultimately be utilized to improve drug safety and the drug development process. What is clear, however, is that it will be some years before such studies displace the current paradigm of testing. 

All these problems were successfully solved after the validation of the novel procedure (instrumentation) and then can be easily applied in the pharmaceutical industry for screening of enormous numbers of compounds in the drug development process. Several compounds are tested against different biological targets usually in 96- and 384-well plates, but to improve the HTS, 1536- or 3456-well plates are also used. 

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