Drugs administered

In some cases the unwanted enantiomer can perturb other biological processes and cause catastrophic side effects. The use of enantiomerically pure compounds thus permits more specific drug action and the reduction in the amount of drug administered. Even in the cases where the other enantiomer is inactive, the work involved in its metabolism before secretion can be avoided. 

Interaction in which the combined effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug administered separately. 

A subcutaneous (SC) injection places the drug into the tissues between the skin and the muscle (see Fig. 2-5B). Drug administered in this manner are absorbed more slowly than are intramuscular injections. Heparin and insulin are two drug most commonly given by the SC route... 

A drug administered by the intravenous (IV) route is given directly into die blood by a needle inserted into a vein. Drug action occurs almost immediately. 

Observing the adverse reactions. The frequency of these observations will depend on die drug administered. The nurse must record all suspected adverse reactions and report them to die primary care provider. The nurse must immediately report serious adverse reactions to the primary care provider. 

To evaluate die patient s response to tiierapy, and depending on die drug administered, die nurse may check die patient s blood pressure every hour, inquire whether pain has been relieved, or monitor die pulse every 15 minutes. After evaluation, certain otiier decisions may need to be made and plans of action implemented. For example, die nurse may need to notify die primary health care provider of a marked change in a patient s pulse and respiratory rate after a drug was administered, or die nurse may need to change die bed linen because sweating occurred after a drug used to lower die patient s elevated temperature was administered. 

Discharging die patient from die area to his or her room or odier specified area The nurse must record all drug administered and nursing tasks performed before the patient leaves die postanesthesia recovery room. 

Involved In phase I of the metabolism of Innumerable xenoblotics, Including perhaps 50% of the drugs administered to humans... 

These results clearly demonstrate that PCP-like drugs administered centrally produce stereotyped behavior that is mediated by PCP receptors. A causal relationship between binding to PCP receptors and induction of stereotyped behavior is also supported by the ability of metaphit, which specifically acylates PCP receptors in vivo, to antagonize induction of stereotyped behavior. The order of drug potency of PCP analogs and dexoxadrol to induce stereotyped behavior is similar to that seen in other studies on the binding of 3H-PCP (Hampton et al. 1982 Murray and Leid 1984) and... 

Monitor patients for adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs administered (Table 6-6). 

Fig. 4 Semilogarithmic plot of plasma concentration versus time for a drug administered by rapid intravenous injection.

Equation (41) is useful for comparing the bioavailabilities of two dosage forms of the same drug administered to the same group of subjects. If it is... 

When drugs are administered on a multiple dosing regimen, each dose (after the first) is administered before the preceding doses are completely eliminated. This results in a phenomenon known as accumulation, during which the amount of drug in the body (represented by plasma concentration) builds up as successive doses are administered. The phenomenon of accumulation for a drug administered IV is shown in Fig. 14. 

Fig. 9 Processes involved in getting a drug into solution in the GIT so that absorption may take place. Heavy arrows indicate primary pathways that the majority of drugs administered in a particular dosage form undergo. Dashed arrows indicate that the drug is administered in this state in the dosage form. Thin continuous arrows indicate secondary pathways, which are usually inconsequential in achieving therapeutic efficacy. (From Ref. 15.).

I Gonda. Drugs Administered Directly into the Respiratory Tract Modeling of the Duration of Effective Drug Levels. J Pharm Sci 77 340-346, 1988. 

Pharmacokinetic Definition of Intestinal Absorption (fa), Presystemic Metabolism (Ec and Eh) and Absolute Bioavailability (F) of Drugs Administered Orally to Humans... 

The greater proportion of the dose of a drug administered orally will be absorbed in the small intestine. However, on the assumption that passive transport of the nonionized form of a drug determines its rate of absorption, which of the following compounds will be absorbed to the least extent in the stomach ... 

Pain management should begin with nonnarcotic analgesics such as acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug administered on a scheduled basis before meals to prevent postprandial exacerbation of... 

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