Drug interactions agents

Drug Interactions Agents increasing serum potassium Diuretics Drugs which act on the renin-angiotensin system ... 

The following drug interactions are the most important that can occur when conventional NSAEDs are co-administered with other agents ... 

Tacrine is particularly damaging to the liver and can result in hepatotoxicity. Because tacrine is more likely to cause adverse reactions and drug interactions, it must be administered more frequently (4 times a day) and is rarely used in current therapy. Donepezil has fewer and milder side effects than tacrine It is considered the agent of first choice However, some patients may achieve a better response with one drug than another. Additional adverse reactions are listed in the Summary Drug Table Cholinesterase Inhibitors. 

Before an antiviral agent becomes a drug, advanced toxicity testing, pharmacological combination, and drug-interaction studies are needed. The use of new cell-based assays that can predict mitochondrial toxicity, lactic acidosis, peripheral neuropathy, anemia, hypersensitivity, lipodystrophy, and other potential side effects can alleviate these issues (Stuyver et al. 2002). 

The most dramatic difference between the three agents is tadalahl s extended duration of action, earning it the nickname the weekender drug. While sildenafil and vardenafil have average half-lives of 3 to 4 hours, tadalafil s half life is approximately 18 hours.18 The extended half-life allows for more spontaneous sexual activity over a couple of days, but may increase the duration of adverse effects and liklihood of drug interactions or sildenafil. 

Compare and contrast the currently available immunosuppressive agents in terms of mechanisms of action, adverse events, and drug-drug interactions. 

Sirolimus is currently the only FDA-approved ToR inhibitor. One of its derivatives, everolimus, is in phase III clinical trials and has been approved for use in some European countries.30 Sirolimus is a macrolide antibiotic that has no effect on cal-cineurin phosphatase.11,31,32 Sirolimus inhibits T cell activation and proliferation by binding to and inhibiting the activation of the mammalian ToR, which suppresses cellular response to IL-2 and other cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-15J.11,31 Studies have shown that sirolimus may be used safely and effectively with either cyclosporine or tacrolimus as a replacement for either azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.33 However, when using both sirolimus and cyclosporine as part of a patient s immunosuppressant therapy, because of a drug interaction between the two resulting in a marked increase in sirolimus concentrations, it is recommended to separate the sirolimus and cyclosporine doses by at least 4 hours. Sirolimus also can be used as an alternative agent for patients who do not tolerate calcineurin inhibitors due to nephrotoxicity or other adverse events.34... 

COX-2 inhibitors are susceptible to the same drug interactions as nonselective agents. However, the interaction with warfarin is less pronounced because platelet function is affected to a lesser degree. 

Each category of chemotherapy drugs has similar side effects. Anthracyclines cause cardiac toxicity, which is related to the cumulative dose. Tubulin interactive agents are associated with neuropathy and ileus. Alkylating agents are associated with secondary malignancies. 

I with seizures and require anticonvulsant therapy. Phenytoin is the most frequently used agent, with a loading dose of 15 mg/kg followed by 300 mg by mouth daily (titrated to therapeutic levels between 10 and 20 mcg/mL). Diazepam 5 mg intravenously may be used for rapid control of persistent seizures. Prophylactic anticonvulsants have been used frequently, but a recent meta-analysis did not support their use.23 Thus, because adverse effects and drug interactions are common, the routine use of prophylactic anticonvulsants is not recommended. 

Murray, M. (2006). Role of CYP pharmacogenetics and drug-drug interactions in the efficacy and safety of atypical and other antipsychotic agents. /. Pharm. Pharmacol, 58, 871— 85. 

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