Soluble drugs, poorly drug formulations

For the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes, the use of non-aqueous vehicles may be considered as a method of avoiding hydrolysis. For IV administration, the use of an oil-in-water emulsion is a possible, although little used, option. These approaches are discussed in the section Strategies for Formulating Poorly Soluble Drugs . 

Williams RO 111, Watts AB, Mdler DA (2010) Formulating poorly soluble drugs. Springer, New York... 

Yang W, Owens DE III, Willitims RO III (2010) Pharmaceutictil cryogenic technologies. In Williams RO in. Watts AB, Miller DA (eds) Formulating poorly soluble drugs. AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series, vol 9. Springer, New York, pp 443-500... 

Taylor LS, Zografi G (1997) Spectroscopic characterization of interactions between PVP and indomethacin in amorphous molecular dispersions. Pharm Res 14(12) 1691-1698 Williams I, RO, Watts AB and MiUer DA (2010) Formulating poorly soluble drugs. AAPS Press and Springer, NY... 

Nanosuspensions for the Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Stuttgart Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1998, pp 149-174. 

SH Klang, M Parnas, S Benita. Emulsions as drug carriers - possibilities, limitations and future perspectives. In RH Muller, S. Benita, BHL Bohm, eds. Emulsions and Nanosuspensions for the Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Stuttgart Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1998, pp 31-78. 

RH Muller, K Peters. Nanosuspensions for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs I.Preparation by a size-reduction technique. Int J Pharm 160(2) 229-237, 1998. 

Liquid formulations account for about 30% of products in the UK market and, because they are easy to swallow, are favoured for paediatric and geriatric use. An aqueous solution is the simplest formulation to produce, but more complex suspensions or emulsion systems will be required if the drug is poorly soluble. Liquid formulations can be administered by all routes and are probably the most versatile systems. Liquids are, however, bulky, difficult to transport and container breakage can result in catastrophic loss. 

Another method of improving bioavailability for these poorly soluble drugs is to prepare an amorphous formulation, since an amorphous form allows fasterdissolution of the drug in comparison to its corresponding crystalline form. An amorphous formulation is prepared by incorporating the... 

Corvelyn, S. and Remon, J.P. (1998) Formulation of a lyophilized dry emulsion tablet for poorly soluble drugs. Int. J. Pharm., 166 65-74. 

Fernando A. Alvearex-Nunez and Mark R. Leonard. Formulation of a poorly soluble drug using hot melt extrusion. The amorphous state as an alternaftwe. Pharm. Rey.7(4), July/August (2004),... 

Solubility enhancement. Developing CR formulations of poorly soluble drugs could be challenging at time, yet there are some benefits. For moderately insoluble compounds, the corresponding release of drug molecules was found to be similar to that of HPMC.47 As discussed earlier, it can be straightforward to develop hydrophilic matrices for such molecules to achieve zero-order release because polymer release now can be calculated accurately based on the spaghetti model. 

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an excipient used in the formulation of liquid pharmaceutical forms of poorly soluble drugs. As an ether, PEG is easily oxidized, and its degradation often facilitates the oxidation of otherwise stable drug substances. 

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