Drinking water treatment device

The surest way of getting the lead out of your drinking water if you do have dangerous levels is to use a good drinking water treatment device. Be sure to buy a model that states that it removes a high percentage, at least 90%, of the lead from the water it filters. 

National Fire Protection Association, National Electrical Code Handbook (1996) 174-175. Water-Treatment Devices, Consumer Reports Feb. 1993 79-82 Fit To Drink Consumer Reports Jan. 1990 27-43 National Toxics Campaign Fund, A Consumer s Guide to Protecting Your Drinking Water (undated). 

Sixty-seven percent of respondents use some type of water treatment for purposes other than pinhole leak prevention (Table 7). The most common treatment was a refrigerator filter, used by 63%. Thirty-two percent of respondents reported that they purchase drinking water. The most common reasons given for using water treatment devices are to improve taste or smell of drinking water (mentioned by 45% of respondents), and to improve safety of drinking water (mentioned by 33% of respondents). 

Authors of this paper propose to implement the LCC methodology to analyze every device/object of a Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) (Zimoch Szymik-Gralewska 2013,2014). 

Paulu, C.A., Moll, D.M., Backer, L.C. et al. (2002) Exposure to Arsenic Via Bathing and Other Contact in Households that Use Bottled Water or Point-of-Use Treatment Devices for Drinking Water. Arsenic in New England A Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference, May 29-31, 2002, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Superfund Basic Research Program, Manchester, MA. 

Many different devices and treatments for the purification of drinking water have been tried out during the last thirty-five years. Some of the more important processes used in America for reduction of bacterial content are ... 

Gaseous carbon dioxide is used to carbonate soft drinks, for pH control in water treatment, in chemical processing, as a food preservative, as an inert blanket in chemical and food processing and metal welding, as a growth stimulant for plant life, for hardening molds and cores in foundries, and in pneumatic devices. 

The choice of dead-end or cross-flow filtration depends on the separation objective that is decided prior to selection of the filtration process. In wastewater treatment, e.g. the hqitid discharged into the environment first has to be cleared of a large fraction of its particles. Dead-end filtration devices, such as filter presses, allow for the recovery of sludge for further treatment As far as the supply of drinking water is concerned, it is the quahty of the permeate flow that matters. At the end of the treatment chain, the concentration of particles within the fluid to be treated is low, and the particles to be removed are very minute. The membranes used are dense, and the ultimate water filtration is usually of the cross-flow type. This provides for good control over clogging phenomena. 

Depending on the complexity of the aquifer and the types of contamination, some groundwater cannot be restored to a safe drinking quality. Under these circumstances, the only way to regain use of the aquifer is to treat the water at its point of use by means of quite costly treatment units consisting of special filters or based on reverse osmosis devices [1]. 

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