Drawings hidden lines

Figure 4. Computer line drawings (without hidden line removal) of three representatives of the I-WP family of constant mean curvature surfaces. These surfaces are invoked to describe the polar/apolar dividing surface in the DDAB / water / hydrophobe cubic phases, at water volume fractions of a) 35% b) 47% c) 65%.

Molecular drawings for this work were prepared using ORTEP, A Fortran Thermal-Ellipsoid Plot program for Crystal Structure Illustrations, authored by Carroll K. Johnson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-7 (second revision),UC.4-Chemistry,1070 ORTFP-II, March 15, 1971 version using the hidden line... 

P. falciparum is the most dangerous of the four malaria strains, and can kill a healthy adult in 48 hours. This type is so dangerous because the parasitized red blood cells become sequestered in the deep vascular beds of the brain—Whence the term cerebral malaria for infection with this strain. Sequestration happens because parasite-derived proteins on the surface of infected red blood cells cause them to stick to each other and to the cells lining the host s venules and capillaries (two types of small blood vessel), especially in the brain and heart. This has the effect of keeping the parasite away from the host s natural defense system. It also means that the progress of the disease can be hidden from a health practitioner who draws blood from a peripheral body region (for example, the arm) such blood will not reveal the true extent of the infection. Delirium, convulsions, and coma are features of falciparum malaria, which is associated with a 20% mortality rate in adults. 

An outline of a drawing preferably should not be used as an extension line, and a hidden edge line should niver be used as an extension line. 

Latent errors result in hidden organization-related weaknesses or equipment flaws that lie dormant. Such errors go unnoticed at the time they occur and have no immediate apparent outcome to the facility or to personnel. Latent conditions include actions, directives, and decisions that either create the preconditions for error or fail to prevent, catch, or mitigate the effects of error on the physical facility... Managers, supervisors, and technical staff as well as front-line workers, are capable of creating latent conditions. Inaccuracies become embedded in paper-based directives, such as procedures, policies, drawing, and design bases documentation. 

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