Double-Stage Circuits

A rod mill in an open circuit may be followed by a ball mill in a closed circuit. This is called a double-stage circuit and is often a wet process. The output from the rod mills is a slurry that contains a high proportion of coarse stones. The slurry is pumped via mill discharge pumps to a hydrocyclone. The underflow from the cyclone is then fed to a ball mill. From tiiere, the output from the ball mill is fed once again to the hydrocyclone via the pump. 

This analysis demonstrates elearly that two-stage frequency conversion enables us to increase the seleetivity of our apparatus. It also makes it possible for us to reduce the and noise with the help of a very selective filter e.g., a ceramic filter centered at 10.7 MHz) inserted in between the two mixers. Figure 19 shows the distribution of different frequencies available in the frequency domain at the inputs and outputs of a double-mixer circuit. In order that the intervals do not overlap each other, an operating range of frequencies 500 kHz to 9 MHz has been chosen here. 

The heat supply is realized through a double-circuit, double-stage scheme using a temperature chart of 150/70°C. 

In 1999, with a three-stage DPTR, a temperature of 1.78 K was reached [83]. For several years, this temperature remained the lowest temperature reached by a PTR. In 2003, the group of G. Thummes from Giessen University developed a double-circuit 3He/4He PTR that achieved 1.27 K [84],... 

The proposed model of two-stage process is well supported by the cyclic voltammetric experiments presented in Section III.4. The fast reversible stage, attributed to formation of an electric double layer at the catalyst/gas interface via backspillover of promoters, has been discussed in detail in Section III.5. To explain the slow irreversible pretreatment. This phenomenon is called permanent electrochemical promotion or permanent NEMCA effect. The similarity between the regions of rate increase and decrease indicates that similar mechanisms are involved during current application and interruption, but the enhancement of the open-circuit rate indicates that the electrochemical promotion of the Ir02 catalyst is not reversible. This behavior of an oxide catalyst is different from that of a metal catalyst for which the electrochemical promotion is usually reversible. ... 

The main circulation pump (pump) is intended for providing the sodium circulation in primary circuit. The pump is centrifugal, vertical arrangement, single-stage, console, sealed, electrically driven type. Motor — asynchronous, double-speed, vertical arrangement with squirrel-cage rotor. 

Early active-balanced output circuits used the approach shown in Fig. 10.288. The signal is buffered to provide one phase of the balanced output. This signal then is inverted with another op-amp to provide the other phase of the output signal. The outputs are taken through two resistors, each of which is half of the desired source impedance. Because the load is driven from the two outputs, the maximum output voltage is double that of an unbalanced stage. 

All three levels of optimization effort were attempted - low, medium and high. In the first instance, only the component is optimized (preserving the hierarchy) The statistics for each stage are detailed in Table 4.8. In this table the values have been doubled to account for two identical components. The component s final circuit, generated after a high level of effort, is shown in Figure 4.38. It would appear that all redundant logic has been removed and even the delay on the critical path has been reduced. The optimization process has more than halved the area of each component. 

Different stages in behavior of a coated system with progressing exposure time to water. (Left to right) System, impedance response, and equivalent circuit Stages (a) Water permeation (b) corrosion initiation (c) quasi-stationary corrosion. (R = resistance, C = capacitance, Z = diffusion impedance, pf = paint film, cat = cathodic, an = anodic, dl = double layer, u = electrolyte.)... 

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