Dorsal striatum caudate

Motor stereotypy Dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate putamen)... 

As mentioned earlier, the striatum is classically divided into (i) dorsal striatum or neostriatum, which includes most of the caudate and putamen, and (ii) ventral striatum, which includes the NAc, the ventromedial parts of the caudate and putamen, and the striatal portion of the olfactory tubercle. 

In both the nonhuman primates and humans, D2 mRNA was found to be homogeneously distributed in the striosomal and matrix compartments of the caudate nucleus and putamen, with no medial to lateral gradient. At variance with D receptors, D2 receptors were also detected in large, putatively cholinergic neurons. In the ventral portion of the striatum, NAc and olfactory tubercle, D2 receptor mRNA distribution was sparser than in to the dorsal striatum, with islands of tightly packed small cells (Richfield et al., 1987 Huntley et al., 1992 Rappaport et al., 1993 Meador-Woodruff et al., 1996). 

Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of proposed dopamine pathways in the human forebrain originating from the dorsal tier (DT) and ventral tier (VT) mesencephalic cell populations. A, anterior thalamus BF, basal forebrain BL, basolateral amygdala Ce, central amygdala DS, dorsal striatum (includes the caudate nucleus and putamen) Ec, entorhinal cortex F, frontal cortex Hipp, hippocampus MD, mediodorsal thalamus O, occipital cortex P, parietal cortex T, temporal cortex VS, ventral striatum.

Fig. 8.1 Rostrocaudal neuroanatomical distribution of CCR5-immunoreactivity in the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon using a CCR5 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Regions corresponding to pictures are depicted in coronal diagrams taken from the Paxinos and Watson (1998). (a, b) M Motor cortex, (c, d) CPu caudate putamen (striatum), (e,t)SID substantia innominata dorsal part, (g, h) GP globus pallidus, (i, j)Me medial amygdaloid...

We investigated the de novo generated cells in five representative locations within the SVZa (Fig. 3B, C) (1) dorsal SVZa at the roof of the ventricle capping the striatum (2) septal SVZa along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle (3) caudate SVZa along the lateral wall adjacent to the head of the caudate nucleus (4) ventral SVZa at the floor of the ventricle and (5) anterior SVZa at the rostral tip of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. 

Fig. 27. Comparison of the general topography of the expression of Di, D2 and D3 receptor genes in the dorsal and ventral striatum, as shown by in situ hybridization. Note the overall similar distribution of the D and D2 mRNAs in the caudate-putamen (cp) and nucleus accumbens (Acb) in contrast, note the restricted distribution of D3 mRNA in the nucleus accumbens, and the major (arrow) and minor (arrowheads) islands of Calleja. Scale bar. 1 mm. Reproduced with permission from LeMoine and Bloch (1996).

Fig. 2. A. Forebrain dopamine projection system in rodents and primates. The nigrostriatal pathway projects from the A8 and A9 groups of the substantia nigra (SN) via the medial forebrain bundle (mfb) to the neostriatum (NS). The mesocorticolimbic pathway projects from the more medially located A10 cell group of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and olfactory tubercle (OT) of the ventral striatum (VS) and limbic forebrain areas including prefrontal cortex (Ctx), septum (Se) and amygdala (A). B. Striatal projection areas in the rodent brain are divided into the more dorsal neostriatum, and ventral striatum. C. In the primate brain, including human and illustrated for the marmoset, the neostriatum is divided by the fibers of the internal capsule into caudate nucleus (CN) and putamen (Pu). Correspondingly, the neostriatum of rats is sometimes designated the caudate-putamen (CPu) complex.

Fig. 7. Anatomical organization of dopamine Di mRNA expression in the adult human brain (whole hemisphere horizontal images) at a dorsal (A) and ventral (B) level. Notice strong cortical expression of this dopamine receptor subtype in addition to the intense expression levels in the striatum (CN, Pu and NAc). Adapted from Hurd et al. (2001). aCg, anterior cingulate Amy, amygdala Cb, cerebellum cc, corpus callosum CN, caudate nucleus Cun, cuneus F, frontal lobe Hip, hippocampus hyp, hypothalamus I, insular cortex mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex mm, medial mammillary nucleus NAc, nucleus accumbens O, occipital lobe Phg, parahippocampal gyrus Pu, putamen SN, substantia nigra T, temporal lobe U, uncal gyrus.

The striatum comprises the caudate, putamen and nucleus accumbens. In mammals in which corticofugal fibers coalesce into the internal capsule within the striatum, the caudate nucleus and putamen nucleus are separated by this partition. In animals in which corticofugal fibers are dispersed there is no clear separation between these nuclei, thus the term caudate-putamen is often used. The caudate and putamen, in most species, generally occupy the dorsal part of the striatum. The nucleus accumbens is the rostro-ventral extension of the striatum, and occupies the area surrounding the anterior commissure in the rostral part of the striatum. The term ventral striatum is generally used to refer to the nucleus accumbens and more caudally, the ventral most part of the striatum (Fleimer and Wilson 1975). The olfactory tubercle is sometimes included as a part of the ventral striatum, but in this review will not be discussed. 

In addition, Wgh levels of [ H]ketanserine binding were found in caudate-putamen and in the dorsal raphe, but neither were found to be subject to displacement with serotonergic drugs. This may be explained at least in part by the binding of ketanserin to monoamine transporters that are abundantly present in dopaminergic terminals in striatum [17]. 

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