Doping laser ablation method

Laser Ablation [7]. The modern method for quantitative solid analyses is carried out using a laser ablation technique (Figure 2.16). The laser, usually in the form of Nd YAG (Neodymium - Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), is focused on to the surface of a sample which, by continuous pulsing, leads to vaporisation at that point and the vapour is transported directly to the plasma with argon for detection and quantification. Detection limits are... 

SWNT were produced by laser ablation and subsequently purified via acid treatment. Single-wall nanotubes were manufactured by laser vaporization of carbon rods doped with Co, Ni and FeS in an atmosphere of Ar H2. Standard SWNT products made by HiPCO and other methods contain significant amount of sooth, graphite flakes, and remnants of the catalyst, which need to be removed prior to the assembly. The quality of the dispersion directly affects the mechanical performance of the resulting composite. 

Laser ablation was the first method used to synthesize endohedral fiillerenes. To synthesize La Cg2, a graphite rod doped with La203 was vaporized with a Nd YAG laser under argon at a temperature of 800 °C. Laser ablation is now mainly used to study the formation of endohedral fullerenes rather than used for actually synthesizing them. 

Nitrogen-doped CNT synthesis can be carried out in two different ways, either directly during synthesis of CNTs in situ method) or by post-treatment of the as-synthesized CNTs ex situ method). For both approaches, various synthetic techniques such as arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor decomposition (CVD), and organometallic functionalization have been employed. Among them the CVD method, or low-temperature synthesis, is the most commonly employed due to its versatility and the facility for scale-up process. 

Ryu et al. [60] used a hybrid beam deposition (HBD) method to attain layers. This method collectively employs some features of PLD, MBE, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Plasma created by laser ablation from a metal oxide target and oxygen from an RF-plasma source are used concomitantly for increased reactive oxygen flux. For doping purposes, evaporation of solid sources as in the case of M B E or gas sources as in the case of MBE or CVD were used. Ryu et al. [15] applied the Be2.Zni, 0/Zn0 heterojunction system to produce electroluminescence from what... 

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