Doping and Charge Injection

In these doping processes, not only of polyacetylene but also of other conjugated polymers, the introduced counter dopant ions stabilise the charge on the polymer backbone. There are doping processes, however, where no counter ions are involved. Examples are photo doping and charge injection doping. 

As aforementioned, the introduction of carbon nanomaterials is an effective strategy to take on some of the contemporary challenges in the field of DSSCs. In particular, enhanced charge injection and charge transport processes in carbon nanomaterial-doped electrodes, efficient carbon nanomaterial-based, iodine-free, quasi-solid state electrolytes, and the use of novel nanographene hybrids as dyes are some of the most stunning milestones. All of these milestones are considered as solid proof for the excellent prospect of carbon nanomaterials in DSSCs. The major goal of this chapter is to... 

---