Dopamine receptors pharmacology

Seeman P (1980). Brain dopamine receptors. Pharmacological Reviews, 32, 229-313. 

Seeman, P., and Vantol, H. H. M. (1993) Dopamine-Receptor Pharmacology. Curr. Opin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 6, 602-608. 

Seeman P, Van Tol HHM Dopamine receptor pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 15 264-270, 1994... 

Seeman. P. et aJ. (1994) Dopamine receptor pharmacology. Trends Pharmaa. ... 

Figure 3 The chemical structures of the ligands used in the molecular modeling study of the Di dopamine receptor. The ligands were divided into two groups (active and inactive) based on their pharmacological properties. The hypothesized pharmacophoric elements are shown in bold.

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 414-4163) Unwanted pharmacologic side effects produced by phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs (e.g., perphenazine) include Parkinson-like syndrome, akathisia, dystonias, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and infertility. These side effects are due to the ability of these agents to block dopamine receptors. The phenothiazines also block muscarinic and a-adrenergic receptors, which are responsible for other effects. 

Membrane-associated receptors are linked to transducing proteins (like G-proteins) in the inner portion of the membrane. G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) families comprise a major class of the receptors that are pharmacologically relevant, such as muscarinic acetyl choline receptors, adrenoceptors, dopamine receptors, serotonine, opiate, peptide hormone, purinerg receptors, and also sensory chemoreceptors. A large variety of subtypes are described in the pharmacological literature. 

Watts VJ, Lawler CP, Fox DR, Neve KA, Nichols DE, Mailman RB. (1995). LSD and structural analogs pharmacological evaluation at D1 dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 118(4) 401-9. Wei D, Maisonneuve IM, Kuehne ME, Glick SD. (1998). Acute iboga alkaloid effects on extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels in nucleus accumbens and striatum in rats. Brain Res. 800(2) 260-68. 

Coronas V, Krantic S, Jourdan F, Moyse E. 1999. Dopamine receptor coupling to adenylyl cyclase in rat olfactory pathway a combined pharmacological-radioautographic approach. Neuroscience 90 69-78. 

Caveats aside, the five dopamine receptors remain candidates in disease. The pharmacological properties that have been used to group them into dopamine Dj-like and dopamine D -like receptors may also be useful to consider when surveying the dopamine receptor gene association studies. For the most part, the D -like dopamine receptors Dj (50-52) and Dj (53) have not been as widely associated with disease as the D dopamine receptors. The D -like receptors D (54), D3 (55), and D (56) have similar dopamine sensitivities and are much more polymorphic than the Dj-like receptors (49,57). 

Spano, P. F., Govoni, S., and Trabucchi, M. (1978) Studies on the pharmacological properties of dopamine receptors in various areas of the central nervous system. Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 19, 155-165. 

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