Done nomogram

The therapeutic blood level is greater than 150 mg L-1 but symptoms of toxicity occur at blood levels of around 300 mg L-1. Therefore, knowledge of the blood level is important, particularly when aspirin is given in repeated doses. In children, therapeutic overdosage is responsible for the majority of fatalities from aspirin. When an overdose is suspected, measurement of the plasma level on two or more occasions will allow an estimate to be made of the severity of the overdose and whether the plasma level has reached its maximum. For interpretation of the blood level, the Done nomogram can be used. An overdose of 50 to 300 mg tablets in adults will give rise to moderate to severe toxicity and a blood level of 500 to 750 mg L-1 at 12 hours. The blood level must be interpreted with caution, however, because... 

Dugandzic RM, Tierney MG, Dickinson GE, Dolan MC, McKnight DR. Evaluation of the validity of the Done nomogram in the management of acute salicylate intoxication. Ann Einerg Med 1989 18 1186-90. 

Chronic intoxication. Symptoms correlate poorly with serum levels, and the Done Nomogram cannot be used to predict toxicity. Chronic therapeutic concentrations in arthritis patients range from 100 to 300 mg/L (10-30 mg/dL). A level greater than 600 mg/L (60 mg/dL) accompanied by acidosis and altered mental status is considered very serious. 

Takahashi Not really. It is too narrow. There are some really old action spectra from the Karolinska Institute that were done in rats. Under photopic conditions the action spectrum is much narrower than any opsin nomogram. This is common in rodents it is because of the contribution of multiple pigments at high light intensities. This is what the hamster action spectrum looks like it peaks near 500 nm, but it is narrower than an opsin nomogram. 

The temperature scale at the top of the reduced temperature nomograph shows increasing temperature from right to left. Labeling of the temperature lines is done in a uniform temperature increment. The temperature increment is identified at the top of the nomogram. The nomograph presentation and data reduction procedure have been described in earlier publications (6.71. 

Although interpretation is easier and more objective, selecting the threshold and control limits is somewhat difficult. This selection is done with the aid of nomograms. 

Construction of the dissociation curve required that the 02 content be determined for a set of points on the depletion curve. This was done using Equation 30. Table I contains the results of calculations necessary to determine the curve. The pH was calculated at each point using the C02 depletion curve (not shown) and the Henderson-Hasselbalch nomogram. Figure 11 contains the data points with the curve obtained... 

When a distillation is performed at atmospheric pressure it is necessary to take several readings of the barometric pressure. Variations of 20 mm in the reading can, for instance in the case of benzene, give rise to differences in the boiling point of 1 deg. C. The barometer should be checked against a precision instrument and a correction should be applied for the influence of temperature on the mercury column and the scale. This can be done without calculation by means of a nomogram due to Haussler [240] (Fig. 114). It is based on the formula... 

To work out the daily noise dose for a worker you need to either fit the worker with an NDM for a day, or use a questioimaire to find out where the person typically works, what is normally done there, and how long he or she spends at each task or location. A so-called nomogram is then used to calculate the DND, based on the principle that the sound energy reaching the ear doubles for every 3 dBA increase. This allows you, for example, to work the L eq, 8 h from information like the following ... 

If the number of sources is small, the addition procedure for arriving at a total sound level can be simplified by using a nomogram (Fig. 17). The higher sound level is increased by an amount depending on the difference in level. If there are more than two levels, the procedure is done step by step. It is advisable to perform the addition with values of one decimal place and round the final result to a whole number of dB. 

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