District heating and cooling

See also Conservation of Energy District Heating and Cooling Furnaces and Boilers Heat Transfer. 

Cogeneration Technologies District Heating and Cooling Domestic Energy Use... 

In Table 9 the recent statistics of ATES utilisations in Sweden are presented. As can be seen the technology is so far preferably used for commercial and institutional buildings with small or medium sized applications. Large-scale plants are applied for some district heating and cooling systems while the industry sector only has a couple of systems applied for manufacturing industries. The rest represents cooling in the telecom sector. 

Abstract. Newly established residential area in Vastra Hamnen (West Harbour) in the city of Malmo uses Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) as part of the district heating and cooling system. ATES system has 5 warm and 5 cold wells that are 70-80 m deep. Cold from the nearby sea (Oresund) and water cold from heat pump is stored from winter to summer. The purpose of the system is to deliver free cooling to district cooling system at a temperature level below +6-8 °C. Operational experiences and economic aspects are discussed. 

Addresses piping typically found in electric power generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems. 

Chou, L. C., Drag-reducing cationic surfactant solutions for district heating and cooling systems, Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1991. 

Chou, L. C., Christensen, R. N., and Zakin, J. L., Drag reducing additives for district cooling systems, in Proceedings of the International District Heating and Cooling Conference, Vuginia Beach, VA, 1989, pp. 352—367. 

Harwigsson, 1., and Hellsten, M., Environmentally acceptable drag-reducing surfactants for district heating and cooling, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73, 921-928 (1996). 

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