Distribution in organs and tissues

Gillespie, R.B., P.C. Baumann, and C.T. Singley. 1988. Dietary exposure of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) to (75)Se uptake and distribution in organs and tissues. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 40 771-778. 

Animals. Following limited, but rapid, absorption, and widespread distribution in organs and tissues, the a.i. is extensively metabolised and rapidly excreted... 

CAs are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible synthesis of bicarbonate ion and proton from carbon dioxide and water. This family includes 15 isoenzymes (1-XlV, V further subclassified as VA and VB) endowed with different molecular features, cellular localization, distribution in organs and tissues, and kinetic properties. It has been demonstrated that the dysfunction of these enzymes is related to different pathologies such as cancer (CAs Vll, IX, XII), neurodegeneration (CA VIII), obesity (CAs VA and VB), and sterility (CA XIII) [36]. Based on the knowledge that coumarin derivatives are CA inhibitors [37], a library of suflbcoumarin derivatives 21 bearing a triazole moiety was synthesized (Scheme 2.3). These compounds 21 (R = Ph) were found to... 

Age can affect the uptake of drugs from the gut, so very young children, who have low levels of acid in the stomach, absorb penicillin more readily than adults but paracetamol less so. Once absorbed into the body, chemicals are distributed around the body in the blood (as explained earlier). Chemicals commonly bind to proteins in blood which limits the level available to distribute into organs and tissues. This binding may be reduced to as low as a third in newborn babies, which means that the circulating free level of the substance is effectively higher than in an adult. This can result in an overdose in a newborn baby. 

Cyanogen chloride is converted to cyanide in the body by a reaction with hemoglobin and glutathione. Rapid absorption of the cyanide ion is anticipated from all tissues, and it is expected to distribute to organs and tissues via the blood where it has the potential to concentrate in red blood cells, possibly due to binding to methemoglobin. Absorbed cyanide... 

The uptake of nutrients into plant cells as well as their distribution between organs and tissues is a prerequisite for growth, and it is generally accepted that transport demands the energization of the plasma membrane (plasmalemma), particularly in cases where transport is accomplished against the (electro-)chemical gradient of the solute in question. In plants the proton motive force... 

Rats administered radiolabeled maneb via gavage for 7 days at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg had 0.31% of the label in organ and tissue samples, 0.96% of the label retained in the carcass, and 0.18% originating from intestinal washings as measured 1 day after the last dose. When tissue concentrations were reported in relative amounts of the label as maneb, the distribution of the compound in the tissues were as follows thyroid, 865 mg/kg kidney, 51.6 mg/kg fiver, 24.8 mg/kg spleen, 10.7 mg/kg heart, 8.2 mg//kg fat,... 

The distribution of ingested selenium in organs and tissues depends on its chemical form. Various metabolic interrelationships between both inorganic and organic forms of selenium are illustrated in Figure 7.5, while the relationship of ingested selenium to tissue selenium is illustrated in Figure 7.6 (Burk 1986). Mammals (includ-... 

The distribution of a drug to its site of action and to other areas of the body affects therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Plasma concentrations of drugs may vary considerably in neonates and young infants and distribution, localisation and retention in organs and tissues may be unpredictable. The result may be a different efficacy or adverse effect profile from that expected. 

In laboratory animals intoxicated over a long period with inorganic selenium, a wide distribution of Se in organs and tissues was found [71] with the highest concentrations in liver, kidney, spleen. 

If we assume that those peculiarities of the toxin which cause their distribution are localized in a special group of the toxin molecules and the power of the organs and tissues to react with the toxin are localized in a special group of the protoplasm, we arrive at the basis of my side chain theory. The distributive groups of the toxin I call the haptophore group and the corresponding chemical organs of the protoplasm the receptor. . .. Toxic actions can only occur when receptors fitted to anchor the toxins are present. 

Kinesins mediate anterograde transport in a variety of organisms and tissues. Since its discovery, much has been learned about the biochemical, pharmacological and molecular properties of kinesin [44, 45], Kinesin is the most abundant member of the kinesin family in vertebrates and is widely distributed in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. The holoenzyme is a heterotetramer comprising two heavy chains (115-130 kDa) and two light... 

---