Distribution garnet

Neodymium and YAG Lasers. The principle of neodymium and YAG lasers is very similar to that of the ruby laser. Neodymium ions (Nd +) are used in place of Cr + and are often distributed in glass rather than in alumina. The light from the neodymium laser has a wavelength of 1060 nm (1.06 xm) it emits in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Yttrium (Y) ions in alumina (A) compose a form of the naturally occurring garnet (G), hence the name, YAG laser. Like the ruby laser, the Nd and YAG lasers operate from three- and four-level excited-state processes. 

Figure 4.11 Monte-Carlo simulation (100 trials) of error propagation for La/Yb fractionation in residual melts by clinopyroxene-garnet removal from a basaltic parent magma (see text for parameter description and distributions used). Top mineral-liquid partition coefficients for La and Yb. Bottom variations of the La/Yb ratio as a function of the fraction F of residual melt.

Distribution of GNB on Garnetting Materials, Clean Fiber and Gross Botanical Trash t... 

Figure 5,65 Garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometric exchange (Fe +-Mg +). Thermodynamic constant K is compared with distribution coefficient K the difference between the two terms represents the effect of interactions in mixtures. Reprinted from J. Ganguly, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 43, 1021-1029, copyright 1979, with kind permission from Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington 0X5 1GB, UK.

Table 10.3 Defect equilibria affecting REE solubility in pyrope and their effects in bulk garnet/melt REE distribution (Morlotti and Ottonello, 1982)...

Dahl P. S. (1980). The thermal compositional dependence of Fe -Mg distributions between co-existing garnet and pyroxene Applications to geothermometry. Amer. Mineral, 65 852-866. 

Ganguly J. (1979). Garnet and clinopyroxene solid solutions and geothermometry based on Fe-Mg distribution coefficient. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43 1021-1029. 

Saxena S. K. (1968). Distribution of iron and magnesium between coexisting garnet and clino-pyroxene in rocks of varying metamorphic grade. Amer. Mineral, 53 2018-2021. 

Saxena S. K. (1969). Silicate solid solution and geothermometry. 3. Distribution of Fe and Mg between coexisting garnet and biotite. Contrib. Mineral Petrol, 22 259-267. 

Wood B. J. (1976c). Samarium distribution between garnet and liquid at high pressure. Carnegie Inst Wash. Yb., 75 659-662. 

Figure 5-29 Schematic exchange diffusion profiles between (a) two large minerals and (b) a small olivine inclusion and its garnet host. The dashed lines are the assumed initial concentration distribution, and the solid curves are the resulting concentration distribution at present.

The distribution coefficients of the parent and daughter nuclides are important in U-series disequilibria. If the parent has a higher distribution coefficient than the daughter, its extraction from the matrix is retarded and the daughter/parent activity ratio in the melt can be greater than 1. Experiments have shown that Dy > Dj for garnet peridotites but Du spinel peridotites at low pressures. Due to experimental difficulties, Dro and Dpa are not directly known but are inferred to be very small. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume Dj, >Di and Du > Dp for both garnet peridotites and spinel peridotites. 

Figure 8.8. Crystal size distribution (CSD) plots of (a) plagioclase in igneous rock and (b) garnet porphyroblast in contact metamorphic rock [4].

Al mard (5) has applied the method to the ferrimagnetic garnets, where the ionic distributions are known. He includes, to first order, the temperature dependence of the molecular field constants, n = no(l + yT), that was first formulated by N6el (472). The coefficient 7 10 4 is proportional to the coefficient of thermal ex-... 

Tyle (1993) studied oral perception of grittiness and viscosity of synthetic particles (60 mg) suspended in fruit syrups (5 mL). The particles were of different size distributions and shapes angular-shaped garnet 5.2-33.0, rounded micronized polyethylene 7.2-68.9, and flat mica platelets coated with titanium dioxide 28.1-79.6 p,m. There was no effect on the thickness ratings of the studied particulate dispersions. Particles... 

Ionov D. A. (1996) Distribution and residence of hthophile trace element in minerals of garnet and spinel peridotites an ICP-MS study. J. Conf Abstr. 1, 278. 

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