Distribution and packaging

C-I/DEC.36 adopted by the Conference of the States Parties at its First Session on 16 May 1997 and entitled Sub-distribution and packaging ... 

Recalling that the Commission, in its PC-Vll/8, paragraph 6.6, adopted an understanding on sub-distribution and packaging in relation to processing of scheduled chemicals (paragraph 3.2 of PC-VII/BAVP.7),... 

It is understood that the activities of sub-distribution and packaging are not to be considered as processing of scheduled chemicals and are therefore not subject to declaration. 

The package must contain the product, exclude air, and withstand heat. It also must maintain a hermetic seal throughout distribution and ensure that no microorganisms can re-enter the package. 

Packaging for distilled spirits intended for domestic distribution is regulated by the Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF). This strict supervision estabhshes acceptable container size, labeling, and sealing requirements, as well as the disclosure of information on the shipping container. Furthermore, local and state distilled spirits labeling and packaging requirements must also be met. 

The manufacturing cost consists of direct, indirect, distribution, and fixed costs. Direct costs are raw materials, operating labor, production supervision, utihties, suppHes, repair, and maintenance. Typical indirect costs include payroll overhead, quaHty control, storage, royalties, and plant overhead, eg, safety, protection, personnel, services, yard, waste, environmental control, and other plant categories. However, environmental control costs are frequendy set up as a separate account and calculated direcdy. The principal distribution costs are packaging and shipping. Fixed costs, which are insensitive to production level, include depreciation, property taxes, rents, insurance, and, in some cases, interest expense. 

While it is impossible to describe a system of storekeeping and distribution suitable for every site, there are certain essential principles which should be adhered to if cleanliness, order and economy are to be maintained. How these principles should be applied is for individual management to decide. The keynote, however, should be simplicity. A storekeeper familiar with both grades and needs should control distribution. While the lubrication schedule for any particular unit is generally the concern of the operator, the storekeeper must equally be aware of it and have a comprehensive list of the different grades, their applications, quantities, daily and other periodic needs. On such a basis he will be able to requisition and store the necessary lubricants in the most convenient and economic quantities and packages, and ensure that supplies are used on a first in, first out basis. 

In food processing, it is a process condition that renders a processed food product essentially free of microorganisms capable of growing in the food in un-refrigerated distribution and storage conditions. The aseptic food packaging include film pouches and presterilized molded containers that are filled with aseptic foods, then hermetically sealed in a commercially sterile atmosphere. 

This type of control should extend not only to agricultural chemicals but for all types of bulk and packaged preparations which are offered for sale as pesticides. No better standard than the old, well worn axiom, it s better to be safe than to be sorry, could be used by the pesticide industry in the development and distribution of its products. 

Once the cocaine has been legally produced from the coca leaf, it is exported to various countries for medicinal use, basically as a topical local anesthetic (applied to the surface, not injected, only treating a particular area). In the United States the crystalline powder is imported to pharmaceutical companies who process and package the cocaine for medical use. Merck Pharmaceutical Company and Mallinckrodt Chemical Works distribute cocaine in crystalline form (Hydrochloride Salt) in dark colored glass bottles to pharmacies and hospitals throughout the United States. Cocaine, in the alkaloid form (base drug containing no additives such as hydrochloride in the crystalline form) is rarely used for medicinal purposes. Cocaine hydrochloride crystals or flakes come in Vs, A and 1 ounce bottles from the manufacturer and has a wholesale price of approximately 20 to 25 per ounce (100% pure). 

A food system can experience rather large fluctuations in temperature during its lifetime, depending on a variety of factors, such as the location and time of year the product is manufactured and the conditions of distribution, storage, and display. For example, if a food product, such as an intermediate moisture cheese, is manufactured and packaged with an aw] equal to 0.66 at... 

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