Distillation total

Mols of component, i, at start of distillation Total mols of liquid in bottoms of still at time, Tj Total mols liquid (not including any steam) in bottom of still at start time Tq (batch charge) y intercept of operating line or constant at fixed pressure for Winn s relative volatility Mols of component, i, in bottoms No. components present, phase rule or no. components, or constant... 

Sample incubated with glucuronidase and sulfatase at pFl 5 and 37 C, FIjSCh added and steam distilled (total phenol) and analyzed FlPLC-electrochemical detector 2 ng/ injection 95-107% Schaltenbrand and Coburn 1985... 

The distillation residuum contained a large amount of wax that separated when the residuum was cooled to room temperature. The wax was removed by mixing the residuum with three times its volume of acetone, chilling the mixture to 32° F, and filtering out the precipitated wax. Acetone was removed from both the filtrate and precipitate by distillation. Total wax removed, including a small quantity washed from the distillation column with boiling acetone, amounted to 48 weight-percent of the residuum. 

A solution of chloromethyl l,l,l,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether (754 g, 3.49 moles) in dry tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (203 g, 3,49 moles) were stirred and heated to 130°C in a creased flask fitted with a fractional distillation assembly. A distillate (200 ml), b748 56.0° to 62°C, was collected during 5 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, dry potassium fluoride (100 g, 1.74 moles) was added, and the cycle of operations was repeated 3 times at temperatures between 138° to 185°C to give distillates (100 ml, 100 ml and 50 ml), b746 58° to 61°C, 55.5° to 57°C, and 54.2° to 55.9°C, respectively. From this portionwise addition of potassium fluoride (503 g, 8.7 moles) there was obtained distillates totalling 672 g, b746 54.2° to 62.0°C, which by GLC analysis was about 92% fluoromethyl and 6.8% chloromethyl l,l,l,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether. 

The following discussion will be concerned primarily with applications of the ms/ms technique in the synfuel area. Attempts will be made to illustrate the unique capabilities of the ms/ms analysis with examples taken from our work on coal liquefaction products. Figure 5 shows the positive ion chemical ionization (PCI) mass spectrum of the coal liquid in question (SRC II mid heavy distillate, total bottoms). This spectrum is actually the normalized sum of approximately 500 individual mass spectra taken while the SRC II was thermally vaporized from a solids probe into the source of a mass spectrometer, and represents the molecular weight profile of this distillate fraction. Since isobutane Cl gives to a first approximation only protonated molecular ions (and no fragment ions), the peaks represent the individual components in the SRC II arranged incrementally by molecular weight. 

Karl-Fischer titration for total H 2O in original sample NH 3 in original sample by Kjeldahl distillation total N2 in original sample by decomposition and Kjeldahl distillation original sample extracted with a saturated NaCI solution in a calibrated vessel infrared spectrum of organic phase from 4 recorded... 

DISTILLATE COMP(D DISTILLATE C0MD(2) DISTILLATE C0MP<3> DISTILLATE TOTAL COMP(I) vAPOR-LIQijIO C0MP(2) VaPOR LIQUIO C0MP(3) VaPOR-LIQUIo... 

Sample Gas chromatography Steam distil-distillation Total (mg)... 

Z)-But-2-ene (6.3 g, 0.11 mmol) was condensed into a tube containing 4-tolyldiazomethane (95 mg, 0.72 mmol) and benzophenone (750 mg, 4.1 mmol). After sealing, the tube was irradiated with Pyrex-filtered light from a 450-W Hanovia medium-pressure Hg vapor lamp for 2 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the product was isolated by distillation. Total yield of products 92 mg (80%). Other examples b-d are also given. 

Simple distillation Total (liquid product) condenser Total (liquid product) reboiler 80 Stages... 

Simple distillation Total condenser Total reboiler 15 Stages... 

Mercury, triple distilled, total impurities less than 0.00009 weight %. It was redistilled and stored in a quartz vessel under nitrogen. 

Samples 23-25 already designated as low boiling substances, by thermogravimetry, also distill totally at temperatures far below the pyrolysis range in the DSC. The corresponding boiling points are ... 

Charge still Empty still Heatup Distillation Total... 

In real processes of distillation, total change of entropy is always above zero because of thermodynamic losses, and here lies the reason of nonreversibUity ... 

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