Distillation-based separation systems azeotropic behavior

Several enhanced distillation-based separation techniques have been developed for close-boiling or low-relative-volatility systems, and for systems exhibiting azeotropic behavior. All these special techniques are ultimately based on the same differences in the vapor and liquid compositions as ordinary distillation but, in addition, they rely on some additional mechanism to further modify the vapor-liquid behavior of the key components. These enhanced techniques can be classified according to their effect on the relationship between the vapor and liquid compositions ... 

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