Distearyldimethylammonium salts

The only cationic surfactant (Fig. 23) found in any quantity in the environment is ditallow dimethylammonium chloride (DTDMAC), which is mainly the quaternary ammonium salt distearyldimethylammonium chloride (DSDMAC). The organic chemistry and characterization of cationic surfactants has been reported and reviewed [330 - 332 ]. The different types of cationic surfactants are fatty acid amides [333], amidoamine [334], imidazoline [335], petroleum feed stock derived surfactants [336], nitrile-derived surfactants [337], aromatic and cyclic surfactants [338], non-nitrogen containing compounds [339], polymeric cationic surfactants [340], and amine oxides [341]. 

Some Pd-Pt bimetallic colloids protected by polymers [162-165] have been prepared by the coreduction of the metal salts with aqueous alcohols. Similar bimetallic sols in nonpolar organic solvents were obtained by N2H4 or NaBH4 reduction of palladium and platinum salt mixtures after their extraction into the organic phase (cyclohexane or chloroform) with such surfactants as trioctylphos-phine oxide or distearyldimethylammonium chloride. [166]... 

To produce organically-modified montmorillonite, the montmorillonite clay was mixed in water with distearyldimethylammonium chloride. The resulting solid was extracted and washed with sodium chloride solution and ethanol, to remove excess ammonium salt, and freeze dried. To combine with the PCL, the organically-modified montmorillonite was dispersed in chloroform the unmodified montmorillonite would not disperse in this way. Samples with up to 30 wt % clay were produced. 

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