Distance potentials

The effectiveness of these forces differs and, furthermore, they change to a different degree as a function of the interatomic distance. The last-mentioned repulsion force is by far the most effective at short distances, but its range is rather restricted at somewhat bigger distances the other forces dominate. At some definite interatomic distance attractive and repulsive forces are balanced. This equilibrium distance corresponds to the minimum in a graph in which the potential energy is plotted as a function of the atomic distance ( potential curve , cf. Fig. 5.1, p. 42). 

Vakser, I. A. (1996). Long-distance potentials an approach to the multiple-minima problem in ligand-receptor interaction. Protein Engineering 9, 37-41. 

In absolute units, the solutions to Eq. (7) will become unbound in the D — oo limit, because of the quadratically divergent centrifugal potential. However, we can obtain a flnite result as a useful perturbation limit by means of a suitable scaling. For problems with an inverse distance potential such a scaling is given by... 

In general, when the total potential is a sum of distance potentials... 

Many authors have computed corrections to the static QCD perturbative potential (Coulomb potential). The simplest correction is to let the coupling run in accordance with asymptotic freedom. Also, one-loop terms have been computed, for example, by Pantaleone et al (1986). But, so far, even the Coulomb nature of the short-distance potential has not been established firom quarkonium data, much less the nature of the higher-order corrections. 

For instance, Xu Prince [2] introduced the GVF Active Contour as well as the DAC and made some comparison. It is found that the GVF Active Contour performs much better. Then, another study is done by the same researcher where GGVF Active [6] is proposed to improve the GVF Active Contour. Again, the DAC is used for comparison purposes only. As a different approach, Hou Han [10] used the distance Potential force as the external force to create the FFA Active Contour. New rules are proposed for the Active Contour. According to them, the reason why they chose the force field derived fl om the Euclidean distance potential is that, the force field is and easy to carry out the idea of the FFA Active Contour. Another creative idea carried by Sum Cheung [11] which associated with potential force is by replacing the original potential force with its norm. 

Temporal variation of shear wave splitting parameters as a stress indicator has been employed at several other volcanoes. While most studies concentrate on either stress-induced anisotropy or structurally dominated anisotropy, several studies have found that the dominant mechanism can change between the two (Keats et al. 2011 Johnson and Poland 2013) and that more than one mechanism can be dominant over short distances, potentially creating an apparent temporal change that is actually an artifact of changing earthquake location (Zinke and Zoback 2000). 

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