Display converter

Figure 4.33 VHDL description of the 4-bit to seven-segment display converter.

The BCD to seven-segment display converter designed in the previous chapter was optimized in two ways. One involved the global optimization of the circuit and the flattening of its component hierarchy. The other preserved the hierarchy and optimized individual components. There was shown to be littie to choose between either approach. 

In our implementation of SMD, modified versions of VMD and Sigma communicate with each other using a customized, lightweight protocol. Sigma sends atomic positions resulting from each molecular dynamics time step to VMD for display. When the user specifies restraints on parts of the displayed model, VMD sends them to Sigma, where they are converted into potential-well restraints added to the force field [21]. 

SymApps converts 2D structures From the ChemWindow drawing program into 3D representations with the help of a modified MM2 force field (see Section 7.2). Besides basic visualization tools such as display styles, perspective views, and light source adjustments, the module additionally provides calculations of bond lengths, angles, etc, Moreover, point groups and character tables can be determined. Animations of spinning movements and symmetry operations can also he created and saved as movie files (. avi). 

When the button "submit smiles is pressed, the SMILES string is sent to the web server of Molsoft, converted to 3D, and the 3D structure is displayed in a java molecule viewer on an automatically created web page (see Figure 2-139). Unfortunately, the Molsoft server does not support downloading of the 3D structures in a standard file format. 

Fig. 1. Schematic for thermographic imaging. The ambient thermal radiation is imaged on the focal plane which converts the infrared to an electrical signal for display on a video monitor. Sensors with uncooled focal planes are now the size of a minicam and cost 5 to 10 times as much.

The indicator element measures the signal from the weighing element, and converts it into a readable form. It may be any of several different types, eg, the graduated beam of Figure 3, a Bourdon tube pressure gauge, or a numeric display device. Today (ca 1997), with the increase in automation, the indicator element may not display the weight but may instead transmit it electronically to a controller. 

X-ray fluoroscopy is used for direct on-line examination. A fluorescent screen is used to convert x-ray photons into visible light photons. A television camera receives the visible image and displays it on a television screen (see Fig. 19). This type of system is used for security screening of carry-on luggage at airports. 

Donor and acceptor levels are the active centers in most phosphors, as in zinc sulfide [1314-98-3] ZnS, containing an activator such as Cu and various co-activators. Phosphors are coated onto the inside of fluorescent lamps to convert the intense ultraviolet and blue from the mercury emissions into lower energy light to provide a color balance closer to daylight as in Figure 11. Phosphors can also be stimulated directly by electricity as in the Destriau effect in electroluminescent panels and by an electron beam as in the cathodoluminescence used in television and cathode ray display tubes and in (usually blue) vacuum-fluorescence alphanumeric displays. 

---