Displacement plot

Fig. 4 Sedimentation velocity g (s) profiles for starch polysaccharides using DCDT+. The profiles correspond to the radial displacement plots of Fig. 2. a Potato amylose, sample concentration 8 mg/ml in 90% in dimethyl sulphoxide. Rotor speed was 50 000 rpm at a temperature of 20 °C. b Wheat starch (containing amylose, left peak and the faster moving amylopectin, right peak), (total) sample concentration 8 mg/ml in 90% dimethyl sulphoxide. Rotor speed was 35 000 rpm at a temperature of 20 °C. From [29]...

Figure 13.3 (a-c) Trajectories of the diffusion motion of a gold nanoparticle probe on a planar lipid membrane, (d) Mean-square displacement plots forthe diffusion shown in (a-c). Adapted from Ref [31] with permission. 

Force-displacement plots to determine the work of compaction and the energy involved... 

Trajectory Analysis and Mean-Square Displacement Plots. 288... 

Fig. 14.9. Normalised force (F/R R is the particle radius) vs piezo displacement plot (retraction) for a polystyrene colloid probe in 0.01 M NaCI at pH 8.0. (a) Conventional polyethersulphone membrane, (b) Modified mixed polymer membrane.

The second grade, HD5502XA, was tested at 10 mm/s and 100 mm/s, using 0.8 mm and 1.6 mm thick specimens. Figure 16 presents a set of load-displacement curves for 0.8 mm thick specimens tested at 10 mm/s. The self-similarity of the curves can still be observed, but the variation in the separation distance is much more pronounced. This causes large scatter not only in the separation displacement plot (Fig. 19) but also in specific work of fracture data (Fig. 17), while 0 -1 plot is largely unaffected and reasonably linear (Fig. 18). 

Figure 13. Load-displacement plots, top-hats without defects.

The results from 12 pull-off tests on QX/epoxy specimens with implanted defects are shown in Figure 15. Both measured and predicted values are shown. Different criteria may be used to compare top hat pull-off and fracture test values. These include various acoustic emission parameters (first acoustic events, first events above a certain amplitude), visual or image analysis parameters or values on the load-displacement plots. Several criteria have been examined, here non-linear values are shown (Gic = 240 J/m, the lower, dashed line). 

The comparison of the different initiation points in the three laminate types (Tables 2-4) raises the question which definition shall be used for initiation in the cross-ply laminates. Since visual initiation (VTS-point) and probably also non-linearity of the load-displacement plot (NL-point) yield values similar to initiation values in the corresponding unidirectional laminate, the maximum load or 5% offset in compliance (MAX/5%-point) seems to reflect the higher delamination resistance of cross-ply compared with unidirectional laminates better. Further analysis of additional data from the 3" round robin may allow a better assessment of this question. 

The trends seen in the present analysis seem to support the conclusion that, if the type of fracture is considered, a meaninghil relative ranking of cross-ply lay-ups (symmetric or non-symmetric) with respect to a unidirectional lay-up of the same material can be achieved. The load-displacement plots and R-curves show that cross-ply materials will )deld a larger scatter but, if effects from changing fracture surfaces are recognised and those specimens are... 

Cook et al. (24) also applied the method of Pratt et al. (27) for evaluating cross-reaction. In this procedure the reciprocal of bound radioligand is plotted vs. competitor concentration. This provides a very sensitive test for divergence of standard curves, ivhich may not be observed in the normal standard displacement plot. The Pratt plot showed rapid divergence of all three lines (d, d,l, and /)/ although divergence between d,I and / lines was less than between d,t and d lines (Fig. 3C). 

The sensitivity of the optical deflection detection system is easily calibrated by recording an f-d curve on a stiff substrate, e.g., a glass slide or a piece of silicon. The slope of the hard wall contact region in this photodetector - piezo displacement plot must be unity, as for the movement of 1 nm in z direction the tip and cantilever move upwards 1 nm as well. This function is typically implemented in the AFM software (Fig. 2.29). 

Another very important predictive output is the amount of deformation that the material is subject to. These are typically called total displacement plots, as shown in Figure 4.17. In our example, the beam was displaced 2.003 mm. 

The figure also shows a schematic diagram of load vs displacement plots describing the procedure for determination of the critical load in a linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) test (see Fig. 10.1c). The determination of Ki is dependent on testing the material under conditions in which it exhibits essentially linear-elastic behavior indicative of a plastic zone that is very small relative to flaw size and specimen dimensions, the domain of LEFM. The equations for the compact specimen and three-point bend specimen are as follows ... 

The two most common specimen types used to measure fracture toughness are (a) the three-point bend specimen shown schematically, and (b) the compact specimen shown mounted in grips with a clip gage extensometer attached. Panel (c) shows a schematic diagram of various types of load vs displacement plots describing the determination of an LEFM test (ASTM, 2013c). 

Figure 9.11 Typical force/displacement plot from a single fiber pull-out test. (From Ref. 88, 1992, with permission from Elsevier Science.)...

Composite specimens were loaded until fracture at a constant loading rate of 1 mm/min. A typical force—displacement plot against normalized resistance can be seen in Fig. 14.6. 

It can be observed from the force—displacement plot in Fig. 14.8(a) that the composite exhibits certain hysteresis during cyclic loading. 

Figure 14.8 Multicyclic three-point bending test of glass laminated composite, (a) Force-displacement plot (b) normalized resistance curves for the two sensors against displacement by Nauman, S., Cristian, I., Koncar, V., 2011. Simultaneous application of fibrous piezoresistive sensors for compression and traction detection in glass laminate composites. Sensors 11 9478—9498 Licensee MDPl, Basel, Switzerland.

Fig. 5. Force-displacement plot. Adapted with permission from Ref. 21.

During the tests the actuator displacements and the displacements in correspondence of the horizontal stiffeners ofthe panels have been measured through 8 LVDTs with a stroke of 10 mm and accuracy <0.10% (Figure 15). A100 kN load cell measures the load applied at any time. It was thus possible to determine the force-displacement plots described in the following section. 

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