Disinfectants concentration

This type of procedure may thus suggest that an unnecessarily high disinfectant concentration (so-called overkill) may be employed in practice to achieve a virucidal effect. 

Total germs (CFU/ml) and residual disinfectant concentration (ppm) in samples taken after x min after treatment... 

The chemistry of chlorine discussed in this section includes hydrolysis and optimum pH range of chlorination, expression of chlorine disinfectant concentration, reaction mediated by sunlight, reactions with inorganics, reactions with ammonia, reactions with organic nitrogen, breakpoint reaction, reactions with phenols, formation of trihalomethanes, acid generation, and available chlorine. 

Expression of chlorine disinfectant concentration. Now that we have detailed the various reactions of the chlorine disinfectants, it is time to unify the concentrations of the chlorine species. By convention, the concentrations of the three species are expressed in terms of the molecular chlorine, CI2. The pertinent reactions are written as follows ... 

Based on the Chick-Watson law, the concept of Ct has been adopted, where C is the dissolved disinfectant concentration (in mg/L) and t is the time (in min) the water is in contact with the disinfectant. Because of ozone s powerful disinfecting capabilities, it has the... 

From a historical perspective, the Chick-Watson model has been the predominant model used to describe the kinetics of using disinfectants to inactivate microorganisms. Chick s law (1908) expresses the rate of destractionof microorganisms using the relationship of a first-order chemical reaction. Watson (1908) refined the equation to produce an empirical relationship that reflected changes in the disinfectant concentration. The Chick-Watson model can be expressed as follows ... 

Ingredients Disinfectant Concentration (wt%) Disinfectant/ Deodorant Concentration (wt%) Disinfectant/ Cleaner/ Sanitizer Concentration (wt%)... 

Table 13. Disinfecting Concentrations (%) of BHF and Mixtures of BHF with Phenolic Microbiddes, Determined by the Suspension Method after 10 min...

In Europe, all the existing standards are quantitative tests. These tests are similar in design and determine the disinfectant concentrations which produce a given microbicidal effect usually a 99.999% reduction (5 log) in viable cells in 5 min. 

CT is defined as the product of the residual disinfectant concentration, C, in mg/L, and the contact time, T, in minutes, that the residual disinfectant is in contact with the water. 

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