Discrimination schematic illustration

The True Moving Bed. The principle of a true moving bed is schematically illustrated in Figure 21-15 for the separation of a racemate on a chiral stationary phase, being the ideal problem for the separation of a binary mixture. There is countercurrent contact between the solid phase and the eluent which move in opposite directions. The racemate is injected in the middle of the column. Chiral discrimination provided for by the sorbent ... 

Fig. 17.6 Schematic illustration of the discrimination of FMN and RBF by fluorescence depletion. Excitation with a shaped UV laser pulse leads to transition from So to Sj state, as indicated by the light grey arrow. After a time-delay At during which dynamical processes take place, an unshaped IR pulse is applied. In the case of FMN (lefi part of the figure), this leads to transitions to higher excited states where irreversible processes such as ionization ctm occur (dark arrow), consequently the fluorescence gets depleted (crossed dark arrow). For RBF (right part of the figure), excitation to higher states is less favorable (crossed dark arrow), and fluorescence will remain stronger than in FMN (dark arrow). With differently shaped UV pulses, also the reverse situation is possible...

Fig. 17.11 Schematic illustration of the optimal dynamic discrimination by shaped laser fields on the example of shaped pulse 1 maximizing the FMN/RBF fluorescence depletion ratio (Reprinted from Ref. [63], Copyright 2010 by the American Physical Society)...

The inclusion of radiative heat transfer effects can be accommodated by the stagnant layer model. However, this can only be done if a priori we can prescribe or calculate these effects. The complications of radiative heat transfer in flames is illustrated in Figure 9.12. This illustration is only schematic and does not represent the spectral and continuum effects fully. A more complete overview on radiative heat transfer in flame can be found in Tien, Lee and Stretton [12]. In Figure 9.12, the heat fluxes are presented as incident (to a sensor at T,, ) and absorbed (at TV) at the surface. Any attempt to discriminate further for the radiant heating would prove tedious and pedantic. It should be clear from heat transfer principles that we have effects of surface and gas phase radiative emittance, reflectance, absorptance and transmittance. These are complicated by the spectral character of the radiation, the soot and combustion product temperature and concentration distributions, and the decomposition of the surface. Reasonable approximations that serve to simplify are ... 

Fig. 8.4 Schematic diagram illustrating methods for quantifying the subcellular distribution of plasmid DNA (pDNA). After the transfection of rhodamine-labeled pDNA, the endosome/lysosome fraction and nuclear fraction was stained with LysoSenser DND-189 and Hoechst 33342, respectively to discriminate the subcellular localization of pDNA. For the data analysis, the pixel areas of each cluster on plasma membrane, S (mem), endosomes/lysosomes, Sj(end/lys), cytosol s, (cyt) and nucleus S (nuc) were separately summed in each XY-plane, and are denoted as S2 j(mem), S2 j(end/lys), S2 j(cyt) and S2 j(nuc), respectively. The values of S2 j(mem), S2 j(end/lys), and S j(nuc) in each X-Y plane were further summed and are denoted as...

Section I covers the more conventional equipment available for analytical scientists. I have used a unified means of illustrating the composition of instruments over the five chapters in this section. This system describes each piece of equipment in terms of five modules - source, sample, discriminator, detector and output device. I believe this system allows for easily comparing and contrasting of instruments across the various categories, as opposed to other texts where different instrument types are represented by different schematic styles. Chapter 2 in this section describes the spectroscopic techniques of visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, near infrared, mid-infrared and Raman spectrometry, fluorescence and phosphorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and, finally, a section on atomic spectrometric techniques. I have used the aspirin molecule as an example all the way through this section so that the spectral data obtained from each... 

For a given agitated suspension, we discriminate between various states that are shown schematically in Figure 13.7, where the degrees of suspension on-bottom motion, off-bottom suspension, and visually uniform suspension are illustrated. 

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