Discovery research defined

Two aspects of discovery research, structure and synthesis, play a crucial role in drug development. They define the goals and thereby direct the efforts of process researchers. Early in development these chemists must pro-... 

Chemists participating in a narrowly defined, initial development campaign engage in teamwork more than their colleagues in medicinal chemistry. As a result of this and other factors, individual contributions can be more difficult to quantify than in discovery research. Process chemists are partly judged by how completely and promptly they carry out assigned tasks that represent important elements of the whole effort. 

Driven by sales potential, each development campaign therefore concentrates on a single outstanding compound. Its biological activities and patented chemical structure define an unmistakable objective. The certainty associated with the fixed structure and specified activities lends to development work an appeal absent from discovery research. From outset of their project, chemical developers have clear goals important to their employers. Discovery research, by contrast, is more uncertain. Its scientists labor to identify their best compound until shortly before it enters clinical trials. 

Pharmaceutical medicine can be defined as the discipline of medicine that is devoted to the discovery, research, development, and support of ethical promotion and safe use of pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical devices, and diagnostics . (By-laws of the American Academy of Pharmaceutical Physicians). Pharmaceutical medicine covers all medically active agents from neutraceuticals, through cosmeceuticals and over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals, to prescription drugs. Furthermore, the specialty is not confined to those... 

Pharmacokinetic studies in drug discovery research deal with the measurement of the drug eoneentration in plasma with respeet to time and the key parameters involved are volume of distribution (Fd), bioavailability (F), exposure (measured as the area under the curve or AUC), maximum plasma concentration attained (Cmax), time of maximum drug concentration (T ax). clearance (Cl) and half-life ( 1/2). These parameters and their role in drug discovery have been diseussed in detail in most text books related to drug metabolism and pharmaeokineties (DMPK), and have been discussed only briefly here. Eaeh of the above are defined as follows ... 

Abstract For many years after its discovery, olefin metathesis was hardly used as a synthetic tool. This situation changed when well-defined and stable carbene complexes of molybdenum and ruthenium were discovered as efficient precatalysts in the early 1990s. In particular, the high activity and selectivity in ring-closure reactions stimulated further research in this area and led to numerous applications in organic synthesis. Today, olefin metathesis is one of the... 

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