Discharge current process

One of these is the "shape change" phenomenon, in which the location of the electrodeposit is not the same as that of the discharge (deplating) process. Thus, upon cycling, the electrode metal is preferentially transferred to new locations. For the most part, this is a problem of current distribution and hydrodynamics rather than being a materials issue, therefore it will not be discussed further here. 

Detailed information about collision-induced, vibrational, or rotational excitation and deactivation has been collected from much work on molecular lasers, expecially the COj laser 1. If the intensity of a laser line is sufficiently high, its gain in an amplifying medium saturates and is then determined by the number of molecules excited per second into the upper laser level and by the depopulation rate of the lower level. Measuring the saturation behaviour under different pressures and discharge currents allows the excitation and deactivating processes to be studied Observation of the... 

As shown in this table, a zero discharge of process waste-water pollutants is required by EPA for all facets of the timber products industry except wet storage of legs, wet-process fiber products manufacture, and one segment of the wood preserving industry. This requirement, by definition, holds that a zero discharge is "the best practicable technology currently available" by which the affected industries can control pollution. 

Fig. 5.7. Stability analysis of a process control loop for the reactive magnetron sputtering of high-index metal oxides. The control of discharge power to stabilize the oxygen partial pressure set point is modeled within the framework of the Berg model. A cycle time of 100 ms and process uncertainties for discharge current and oxygen partial pressure measurements are assumed, (from [71])...

The nature of the electrodes is of great importance for the course of electrolytic processes. The material is not only decisive for the effect, as already fully discussed, but the nature of the surface and the previous treatment of the electrodes can decidedly influence the course of the electrolysis. In the first place it is obvious that the size of the surface wetted by the electrolyte is codeterminative for the potential and current density, and even on this account its smoothness or roughness form decisive factors but its form, and the mutual position of both electrodes, must also lie taken into consideration, for on these depend the distribution of the lines of force on the surface. In general, the data on the current densities and of the potentials refer to mean values actually both are usually unlike at different points of the surface, since the number of the discharging current linos in an uneven one. 

It can be seen from Fig.2 that the thickness d rises sharply at first, but tends to have a constant rate. The deposition rate R was calculated from a slope of the curve in Fig.2 and is shown as a function of the period t in Fig.3. To date, ion or radical reactions have been proposed for the glow-discharge polymerization processes, but the predominant process is not clear. If ions play an important role in the polymerization, it is anticipated from the R-t curve in Fig.3 that an ion current flowing into the floating substrate decreases to a constant value with the polymeriza-... 

In this equation, I and U represent the constant charge-discharge current and the potential range corrected by ohmic drop, respectively. When constant current is used for charging and discharging processes, coulombic efficiency, 1], can be calculated as ... 

The theory describing space charge depolarisation processes is conqplicated [38]. Equations like 5.39 describe the thermally stimulated discharge currents but contain more unknown variables which are depending of ... 

Figure 1 represents radial density profiles of the main ions Ar", ArH, H20, and H30 observed by mass spectrometric analysis in a hollow-cathode discharge of 2 cm diameter and 3 cm length at a pressure of 0.34 torr (Ar with 0.15% H2O) and a discharge current of 3 mA. These main ions are created in the following processes ... 

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